week 5

• control blood glucose levels in between meals & overnight
• 24hr background insulin
• Insulin glargine (lantus)
• detemir (levemir), both must not mixed or diluted with any other insulin/solution
• released steadily & continuosly
• no peak of action
• once a day SQ

• control postmeal blood glucose levels
• rapid acting onset 15 min
• lispro (Humalog)
• aspart (Novolog)
• glusine (Apidra)
• mimic natural insulin secretion
• short acting onset 30-60min

chronic multisystem disease related to abnormal insulin production, insufficient insulin utilization or both

• a condition develop after the absence of insulin, type I diabetes
• a life-threatening condition resulting in metabolic acidosis

a microvascular complication associated with damage to the small blood vessels that supply the glomeruli of the kidney

nerve damage that occurs because of the metabolic derangements associated with DM

self-made insulin, made from the pancrease

• fast for 8hrs, water is permitted
• withhold insulin or oral hypoglycemics until blood is obtained
• >= 126mg/dL

• monitor HbA1C in blood, used to diagnose and glucose control in diabetes pt
• >= 6.5%

• life-threatening syndrome that can occur in the patient with diabetes who is able to produce enough insulin to prevent DKA but not enough to prevent severe hyperglycemia, osmotic diuresis, & extracellular fluid depletion
• usually occurs to pt over 60 y/o type II

• develops during pregnancy
• the placenta provides the baby with nourishment. It also produces a number of hormones that interfere with the body's usual response to insulin. This condition is referred to as "insulin resistance." Most pregnant women do not suffer from gestational diabetes, because the pancreas works to produce extra quantities of insulin in order to compensate for insulin resistance. However, when a woman's pancreas cannot produce enough extra insulin, blood levels of glucose stay abnormally high, and the woman is considered to have gestational diabetes.

the term used to describe the rise in blood glucose levels 2 hrs after a person has consumed a CHO food

abnormally low blood glucose

condition in which a person's body tissues have a lowered level of response to insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas that helps to regulate the level of glucose (sugar) in the body. As a result, the person's body produces larger quantities of insulin to maintain normal levels of glucose in the blood.

accumulation of excessive amounts of ketone bodies in body tissues and fluids, occurring when fatty acids are incompletely metabolized

a metabolic acidosis occurring as a result of excess lactic acid in the blood, due to conditions causing impaired cellular respiration.

abnormal fat metabolism or deposition

any generalized defect in bone development, usually associated with disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and renal insufficiency, such as in renal osteodystrophy

altered sensation often described as burning, tingling, or pin pricks

excessive thirst

excessive eating

excessive production of urine

a blood test in which a meal acts as a glucose challenge to the body's metabolism. It is an easily performed screening test for diabetes mellitus. A 1-hour glucose screen, using a 50-g oral glucose load, is used to detect gestational diabetes mellitus.

• A decrease in the blood supply to a bodily organ, tissue, or part caused by constriction or obstruction of the blood vessels.
•  

abnormal feeling: tingling, itchy, tickling, burning

so sensitive skin

Dark, coarse, thickened skin

•Associated with type 1

•Red-yellow lesions 

• •Skin becomes shiny, revealing
• tiny blood vessels

•Associated mainly with type 1

•Forms partial rings of papules

• rapid & short-acting insulin
• onset 0-15 & 30-60 min

A method of artificial respiration in which inspiration is produced automatically after a set interval if the person has not begun to inspire earlier.

a method of positive pressure ventilation used with patients who are breathing spontaneously, done to keep the alveoli open at the end of exhalation and thus increase oxygenation and reduce the work of breathing

A method of artificial ventilation in which all inspirations are provided by positive pressure applied to the airway. Also called continuous positive pressure breathing, continuous positive pressure ventilation, intermittent positive pressure breathing, intermittent positive pressure ventilation.

removal of tube used in ventilation

the insertion of a tube into a body canal or hollow organ, as into the trachea.

a method of control mode ventilation in which positive pressure is maintained during expiration to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange. A PEEP higher than the critical closing pressure prevents alveolar collapse and can markedly improve the arterial Po2 in patients with a lowered functional residual capacity, as in acute respiratory failure.

the augmentation of spontaneous breathing effort with a specific amount of positive airway pressure. The patient initiates the inspiratory flow and sets his or her own respiration rate and tidal volume. PSV can be used to decrease the work of breathing in a patient being weaned from mechanical ventilation.

periodic assisted mechanical ventilation synchronized with the patient's breathing. Spontaneous breathing by the patient occurs between the assisted mechanical breaths, which occur at preset intervals. The ventilator will provide a mechanical breath if the patient fails to do so within the set interval.