Surgical Technology

Absence of menstruation

Pelvic outlet is too small for size of fetal head

Cone of tissue excised

Expansion of the cervix

Painful or difficult menstruation

Fertilized ovum becomes implanted outside the uterus

Voluntary termination of a pregnancy

Impending termination of pregnancy

A uterine cervix that cannot maintain a small diameter to support the weight of the fetus

Part of products of conception are retained in the uterus

Inability or diminished ability to produce offspring

Excessive bleeding during menstruation

Active uterine bleeding at times other than menstruation

Fetus is dead before 20 weeks of gestation and products of conception are retained in the uterus

Placenta implants in the lower uterine segment

Position of fetus in uterus

Insufflation of the fallopian tubes with carbon dioxide to check for patency

A test for superficial cancer of the cervix by painting the tissues with an iodine solution

Placenta is prematurely spearated from the wall of the uterus

Catheter that clears meconium from neonate

Difficult labor

Dilation of the cervix

• 1 - onset of labor to full dilation of cervix
• 2 - complete dilation of cervix through birth
• 3 - period following birth, including expulsion of placenta
• 4 - stabilization of mother's condition

The placenta is abnormally implanted in the lower uterine segment and may completely cover the cervical os

buttocks come first

fetus lying crosswise

feet come first

upper back of the head comes first

A woman who has delivered one infant

The neck of the uterus; rounded and conical and protrudes into the vagina

• Mons pubis
• Labia majora
• Labia minor
• Clitoris
• Bartholin's glands
• perineum

• Broad ligament
• Uterosacral ligament
• Cardinal ligament
• Round ligament

Space between the labia minora, which is where ducts for bartholin's glands are located

• Pfannenstiel (lower transverse incision)
• Vertical

• Placement of ligatures around cervix to treat incompetent cervical os
• Shirodkar procedure

• Repair of vaginal defects because of prolapse of the bladder or rectum
• Anterior/posterior vaginal repair

Rectum has prolapsed into the vaginal vault

Hernia of intestine through vagina

Bladder hernia into the vagina

• Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy
• Excision of the uterus through the vagina using laparoscopic technique

Removal of an ovarian cyst

Removal of vagina, uterus, and cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries, bladder and rectum for recurrent carcinoma

Removal of a fallopian tube

Excision of ovary and fallopian tube

Surgical removal of the uterus, including the ceervix, through an abdominal incision

Plastic surgery on the vagina

Aspiration of the amniotic fluid under ultrasound guidance to detect disorders, maternal-fetal blood incompatibility, and fetal maturity

Examination and biopsy of the cervix and vagina for histological examination and diagnosis

incision into the wall of the vagina to facilitate diagnosis and inspection of the pelvic organs and to determine the presence of fluid, blood,or pus in the pouch of Douglas

Insertion of a spinal needle into the posterior vaginal cul-de-sac for aspirtion of material for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons

Endoscopic visualization of pelvic organs with an endoscope

Injection of a water-soluble radiopaque dye into the cervical canal to study the structure and function of the uterus and tubes to evaluate infertility

Introduction of carbon dioxide into the uterocervical canal to check for tubal patency to evaluate for infertility

Staining the vaginal vault and cervical squamous epithelium with iodine (Lugol's) solution to pinpoint abnormal tissues

A stitch around the lower part of the uterus through an abdominal incision

A purse-=string stitch around the cervix to cinch it together

A purse-string stitch around the cervix underneath the skin

Incompetent cervical os

• Cervical neoplasms
• Cervical cancer
• Chronic cervical inflammation

• Uterine dystocia
• Fetal distress
• Failure to progress in labor

• Cystocele
• Enterocele
• Rectocele
• Urethrocystocele

• Endometrial hyperplasia
• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
• Dysmenorrhea
• Polyps
• Diagnostic
• Evacuation of retained placenta
• Follows incomplete abortion

• Menorrhagia
• Uterine fibroids
• Polyps
• Intrauterine adhesions
• Submucous myomas

Menorrhagia

• Uterine prolapse
• Pelvic relaxation'
• Myoma
• Irregular bleeding
• Premalignant lesions

• Fibroid tumors
• Dysmenorrhea
• Anemia secondary to uterine bleeding

• Obstruction of the secretory duct of bartholin's gland
• Trauma
• Various infections

• Ovarian cysts
• Prophylaxis
• Endometriosis
• Cancer

Cancer

• Endometriosis
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Cysts
• Occlusive disease
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Salpingocele
• Tubal abscess

• Cancer
• Hemorrhage
• Leiomyofibroma
• Menomentrorrhagia
• Uterine prolapse
• Endometriosis

• Congenital defect
• Stenosis
• Vaginal atresia
• Trauma
• Cancer
• Trans-sexual surgery

• Uterine prolapse
• Myomas
• Pelvic relaxation
• Menometrorrhagia
• Cancer

• Benign tumors
• Vulvar cancer
• Melanomas