food animal

animal that has a stomach with four complete cavities that regurgitates undigested food from the rumen and masticates it when at rest.

• rumen
• reticulum
• omasum
• abomasum

• "honeycomb"
• most cranial

• or "Hardware Disease"
• ingested metal objects get caught in the honeycomb structure of reticulum
• usually not harmful until giving birth

swallow rumen magnent (administer with bolus or balling gun) want it to fall into reticulum

cow sized pill

• large muscular portion almost entirely fills up left side of abdominal cavity.
• acts as fermenting&holding vat for further digestion to occur.

• distention of rumen
• caused by gas, fluid, obstruction, or torsion

treatment: medication, frick speculum&gastric tube, trocar&cannula

comatose lying on ground

2 separate pieces, put together and stab in paralumbar fossa and gas will escape.

in cardiac distress because bloat pushing on and cannot breathe

lactic acidosis or grain overload (cattle lower protein need)

excessive intake of grain or fermentable feed. (the sudden ingestion of high carbohydrate feed causes increase in microbial growth in rumen which causes an increase in production of lactic acid. Lactic acid and its salt cause a rise in osmotic pressure which draws fluid into the rumen resulting in dehydration. Dehydration may cause cardiovascular collapse, renal failure, muscular weakness, shock, and death.)

• "book"
• grinds roughage before it enters the abomasum
• very dense tissue
• removes moisture

• "true stomach"
• first glandular portion

• lining of abomasum
• sold as food

• more alert
• more heat resistant
• can travel further/worth with longer
• less patient

panoramic

• reduced weight gain
• poor reproductive performance
• reduced ability to fight disease

shoulder

• 45-60 degree behind POB=move forward
• 45-60 in front of animal=moves away from you

• halter (leather, rope, nylon)
• chain chin strap

• nose tongs
• stock prod
• herding stick
• show stick
• herding paddle
• nose ring (permanent)

• tail twitch
• flanking

• assorted pens
• sorting gates
• alley (curved, solid)
• squeeze chute
• headgate

• self catcher
• scissors stanchion
• positive
• full open stanchion

• log its:
• vaccination
• de-worming
• breeding history

• most common method today
• semi-permanent
• manual applicator (tag&stud)
• variety of colors

used commonly in dairy cattle (docile)

• permanent
• ear
• brucellosis vacc ID

• oldest method
• permanent

• hot branding- easy to alter
• freeze branding

treatment of disease or infection

prevent disease

• drench (orally, liquid)
• bolus
• liquid
• feed additive
• powder
• injectable

• intramuscular
• intradermal
• intraperitoneal
• subcutaneous
• intramammary infusions

• neck (most common bc not going to be used for food) or rump
• slap method

• caudal vein (underside of tail)
• mammary vein (dairy cattle)
• jugular vein

occlude jugular vein place needle at 45 degree angle

between layers of skin

• peritoneal cavity (abdominal)
• faster absorption that SQ

• under the skin
• 20 g x 1

end goes into teat to inject

• teat cannula
• infections
• dry cow

• ointments
• powders
• solutions
• sprays

• balling gun- bolus, tablets, capsules
• drench- liquid
• does syringe

twice a day

once a day

every other day

• antibiotics
• sulfas
• steroids
• hormones

• penicillins
• tetracyclines

• furazone
• coccidiostats

• cortisone
• anti-inflammatory

growth impants

(hormones have withdraw times)

• antigen
• vaccine

antibody reaction

produce "active" immunity

killed culture of bacteria

(Blackleg, leptospirosis, streptococcus, salmonella, pasteurella, bordetella)

contains more than one organism

made from an organism isolated from an infection in animals on the permise

(sacrifice sick animal&use its tissues to create a vaccine for rest of herd)

laboratory made bacterin

effective against bacteria that form spores

(Bacillus anthrax)

made from certain strains of bacteria which are less virulent than others but are still capable of producing antigen-antibody reaction

(Brucella abortis strain 19, current strain 51)

killed viral organisms that will produce immunity but will not cause the disease

ability to produce the disease is diminished but will still provide immunity

short acting immediate protection

antibodies to bacterial toxins, short acting

(Tetanus antitoxin)

provide longterm immunity against toxins

(Tetanus toxoid)

substances added to a biological that enhance the antigen's ability to stimulate antibody production

(added to vaccines to enhance effectiveness)

40-80 BPM

10-30 RPM

100-102

21 days

• Ivomec
• Eprinex
• Cydectin
• Dectomax

• Ivomec
• Dectomax
• Cydectin
• Ivomec Plus

Safegaurd

• Panacur- oxybendazole
• Valbazen- albendazole

• Levasole
• Ivomec bolus

• Haemonchus placei (Barber-Pole Worm)
• Ostertagia ostertagi (Brown Stomach Worm)
• Trichostrongylus axei (Small Stomach Worm)

• barber-pole worm
• nematode
• submandibular edema, anemia, poor condition

• brown stomach worm
• nematode
• submandibular edema, diarrhea, emaciated, death

• small stomach worm
• nematode
• annorexia, diarrhea, depressed growth

2 (I 0/3 C 0/0 P 3/3 M 3/3)

controls what goes into the stomach

• dueodenum
• jejunum
• ileum

• blind pouch (no exit)
• equivalent to human appendix

• calf nurser bottle (2 quarts) 
• milk replacer
• synthetic colostrum..mix with warm water
• invert nipple to put nipple back on
• hold bottle like football with hold on nipple (cattle punch then pull when nursing)
• feed atleast 3x day, every 8 hours

not strong enough to nurse: oral calf feeder

skin depigmentation

copasure- copper nutrient replacement (bolus)

• Safe-Guard (fenbendazole)
• looks like pelleted food

slap twice then needle in place, attach syringe, aspirate, inject

will affect quality/economic of

(use rotation of products when deworm so parasites do not build up immunity) 

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 

anticoagulant (purple top tube)