2.2.2

will keep it in the membrane

quinone

 < Reduced form

- Oxidized form

- Takes an electron on the top oxygen, where it draws an H

1. Excited electron captured by pheophytin

2.  Pheophytin then hands it off to PQ

3. Energetic eelctron hen gets handed off to the other members of the electron transport chain

• - R group can be CHO or CH3
• *looks similar to chlorophyll

• - it has 2 H+ in place of the Mg2+
• *no metal in the middle

thylakoid membrannes

yes

-P680

- P is photosystem and 680 is referring to 680 nm light

it carries protons to the inside of thylakoids creating a proton motive force

1. absorbs photon of light

2. Chlorphyll hands off electron to Pheophytin

3.  Pheo hands energetic electron to PQ

4. AS pQ moves electron around, hydrogen on stroma will go inside thylakoid

5. PQ hands electron to cytochrome complex

• 6. Cytochrome moves more hydrogens in thylakoid
• *building a proton gradient just like cristae

the wavelengths more than doubles the rate of PS

1. The electrons that start this scheme come from the splitting of water

2. it goes through the PS II process

3. After the cytochrome, the electron is handed off to PC (Plastocyanin)

4. PC hands the elctron to PS I

• 5. Far red light radiates P700 (P1) causing the electrons to get excited
• 6. It goes to Ferredoxin, which produces NADPH

• PC
• *it can carry 1000 electrons per second

1. Far red light  excites electrons

2. They will go through the molecule ferrodoxin

• 3. Ultiamtely produce NAPDH
• *reduced version of NADP+

-P700

-for its preference to deep red light

-it does not produce ATP, it only uses it

no

- there is no cycle

• - 3 Phosphoglycerate is the first intermediate product to appear.
• *the other ones show up later

• -fixation
• *fixation of carbon dioxide

• -Reduction
• * reduction of 3 phosphoglycertae to G3P

• -Regeneration
• *regenration of RuBP from G3P

3 RuBP + 3 CO2 > 6 3 Phosphoglycerate

6 3 phosphoglycerate + 6 ATP + 6 NADPH > 6 G3P

5 G3P + 3 ATP > 3 RuBP

in stroma of chloroplasts

1. Take RuBP (5 carbons) and attach it to Carbon dioxide (one carbon) to get a six carbon molecule

2. the 6 carbon molecule splits immediately to form 2 3-phosphoglycerate

3. take the 2 3-phosphoglycerate and add ATP and NADPH to ultimately produce 1 G3P

4. Only 1 G3P will be used to produce glucose, the other 5 will go to regenerate RuBP

5. In regenerating RuBP, we oxidize ATP

from the light reactions

one carbon dioxide

• slow
• *only catalyzes about 3 sec

8

-yes because it mihgt be that it is slow

no, it reduces the efficiency of PS using Rubisco

-competitive inhibition

an atmosphere with very little oxygen

RuBP + CO2 > 2 3-phosphoglycerate (used in calvin cycle)

RuBP + O2 > 1 3 phosphoglycerate (used in calvin cycle) + 1 2- Phosphoglycerate ( when processed, CO2 released and ATP used)

-stomas can open or close

bc CO2 first is found as a 3 carbon sugar

-initially tack on CO2 to a 3-carbon molecule and end up creating an organic acid that has 4 carbons

RuBP (5 carbon) + CO2 (one carbon) >(Rubisco) two 3 phosphoglycerate (3 carbon sugar)

3 carbon compound + CO2 >(PEP Carboxylase) 4-carbon organic acids

allows it to store amounts of CO2 within the leaf

-have both PEP carboxlase and rubisco but are in separate cell compartments

-increases efficiency in PS

no

mesophyll cells

bundle-sheath cells

mesophyll cells in C4 plant can make alot of C4 compounds (stored CO2)

C4 compounds will be released

-increase efficiency in PS

-they both use PEP and Rubisco

CO2 is stored temporarily in another cell in the form of an organic acid

-CO2 is taken up when the environment is cool

• -it is stored temporarily aas an organic acid in the same cell
• *single cell has PEP and rubisco

either turns into sucrose or starch

attached to RuBP which then quickly splits into 2 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate

• gases in the air
• *CO2