Pharm Exam 2

  1. Definition: transmembrane receptor that forms an ion channel
    ionotropic receptor
  2. Defintion: transmembrane receptor linked to intracellular G proteins
    metabotropic receptors
  3. Definition: cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors
    intracellular receptors
  4. What type of receptors are receptor tyrosine kinases?
    transmembrane receptor with enzymatic intracellular domain
  5. 3 ways NT's are cleared from synapse
    • metabolism
    • transport into cell
    • diffusion
  6. 3 types of stimulation of receptors
    • postsynaptic
    • presynaptic
    • astrocytes
  7. primary excitatory NT
    glutamate
  8. primary inhibitory NT
    GABA
  9. 2 factors that determine whether or not ions flow through ionotropic receptors
    • electrochemical gradient
    • concentration gradient
  10. when GABA receptors open, there is an influx of ____ into the cell, causing a net _____ effect
    • Cl-
    • inhibitory
  11. benzodiazepines _____ CNS function by increasing the influx of ______ and _______ cells
    • depress
    • Cl-
    • hyperpolarizing
  12. function of benzodiazepine antagonist site
    BLOCK the effects of BDZ
  13. function of benzodiazepine inverse agonist site
    make GABA LESS likely to bind
  14. function of benzodiazepines (BDZ site)
    increase affinity of the receptor for GABA when it is bound
  15. most abundant class of receptors in the body
    G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
  16. GPCR
    G protein coupled receptors
  17. D1-like dopamine receptors are of which kind?
    Gs (G-proteins that stimulate second messenger formation)
  18. opioid receptors are of which kind?
    Gi (G-proteins that inhibit second messenger formation)
  19. insulin receptors are of which kind?
    receptors w/ enzymatic intracellular domain (eg. tyrosine kinase)
  20. BCL-Abl proteins are receptors of what kind?
    receptors w/ enzymatic intracellular domain (eg. tyrosine kinase)
  21. intracellular receptors have [lipophobic/lipophilic] agonists
    lipophilic
  22. steroid hormones (glucocorticoids) have receptors of which type?
    intracellular receptors
  23. definition: any change in brain function
    • neuroplasticity
    • morphology, synaptic activity, synaptic connections (circuits), genes expressed, etc.
  24. 2 forms of neuroplasticity tolerance
    • sequestration of receptor (transient - recycling, persistent - degradation of R)
    • receptor uncoupling (detached from G protein)
  25. definition: the sequence of events that creates a hyperexcitable network
    epileptogenesis
  26. definition: recurrent spontaneous seizures
    epilepsy
  27. definition: 30+ minutes of continuous seizure activity or a series of seizures without return to full consciousness between the seizures
    status epilepticus
  28. definition: an abnormal, involuntary muscle contraction or series of contractions
    convulsion
  29. definition: seizure that originates in a small area of the cortex
    partial seizure
  30. definition: seizure that, even on initial onset, involves firing of thalamus and cortex so entire cortex is involved
    generalized seizure
  31. 3 types of partial seizures
    • simple
    • complex
    • secondarily generalized
  32. define simple seizure
    partial seizure with zero impairment of consciousneses
  33. define complex seizure
    partial seizure with impaired consciousness
  34. define secondarily generalized seizure
    partial seizure that spreads throughout the cortex by propagating through normal circuits linking both hemispehres
  35. 3 ways by which a partial seizure spreads within the brain
    • impaired surround inhibition
    • build up in extracellular K+ concentrations
    • accumulation of calcium (esp in synaptic terminals)
  36. 3 types of generalized seizures
    • absence
    • myoclonic
    • tonic-clonic
  37. T-Type Ca++ channels open when the cell is ______polarized
    hyperpolarized
  38. action of carbamezapine
    targets sodium channel
  39. action of lamotrigine
    targets sodium channel
  40. action of valproic acid
    • target sodium channels
    • target T-type calcium channels
    • target GABAergic signaling
  41. action of rufinamide
    • target sodium channels
    • target glutamatergic signaling
  42. action of ethosuximide
    target t-type calcium channels
  43. action of clonazepam
    • target t-type calcium channels
    • target GABAergic signaling
  44. action of pregabalin
    • target high-voltage calcium channels
    • target GABAergic signaling
  45. action of phenobarbital
    target GABAergic signaling (barbiturate)
  46. action of diazepam
    target GABAergic signaling (benzodiazepines, acute)
Author
dpaytons
ID
202112
Card Set
Pharm Exam 2
Description
receptors, antiseizure, analgesia, depression
Updated