WHAP Chapter 21

movement that began in europe in the late 1600s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government; also called the age of reason

american writer, publisher, scientist, inventor, and political thinker. was a supporter of the enlightenment. Helped write the declaration of independence.

as issued in order to raise revenues to support the new british military force. mandated the use of stamped paper certifying the payment of taxes. colonist were angrily aroused and felt that this act was jeopardizing the basic right of the colonists as englishmen.

virginian, patriot, general, and president. lived at mount vernon. led the revolutionary army in the fight for independence. first president of the united states.

mohawk leader who supported the british during the american revolution.

the meeting of state delegates in 1787 in philadelphia called to revise the articles of confederation. it instead designed a new plan of government, the us constitution.

france's traditional national assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in french society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. the calling of it in 1789 led to the french revolution.

a one of the fundamental documents of the french revolution, defining a set of individual rights and collective rights of all of the estates as one. influenced by the doctrine of natural rights, these rights are universal: they are supposed to be valid in all times and places, pertaining to human nature itself.

born in austria in 1755 and came to versailles at age 14 to marry louis xvi and become the queen of france. she was very frivolous and spoiled and knew nothing of her people's problems. she helped put france even deeper into dept, and was nicknamed madame deficit. Executed

radical republicans during the french revolution. they were led by maximilien robespierre from 1793 to 1794.

young provincial lawyer who led the most radical phases of the french revolution; his execution ended the reign of terror.

this was the period in france where robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front. he tried rebels and they were all judged severely and most were executed

general; emperor of france; he seized power in a coup d'état in 1799; he led french armies in conquering much of europe, placing his relatives in positions of power. defeated at the battle of waterloo, he was exiled on the island of elba

free men and women of color in haiti. they sought greater political rights and later supported the haitian revolution.

was an important leader of the haïtian revolution and the first leader of a free haiti. in a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator.

meeting of representatives of european monarchs called to reestablish the old order and establish a plan for a new balance of power after the defeat of napoleon.

a league of european nations formed by the leaders of russia, austria, and prussia after the congress of vienna.

democratic and nationalist revolutions that swept across europe during a time after the congress of vienna when conservative monarchs were trying to maintain their power. the monarchy in france was overthrown. in germany, austria, italy, and hungary the revolutions failed.

austria, balance of power, legitimacy, surround france with powerful countries. put royal families back into powers (congress of vienna)