ch. 15 physiological and behavioral responses of the neonate

33-35.5 (13-14 inches)

microcephaly: below the 10th percentile

macrocephaly: above 90th percentile

30.5-33 cm (12-13 inches)

or 2-3 cm less than the head

45-53 cm (19-21 inches)

2,500-4,000 (5lbs 8oz-8lbs 13oz)

weight loss 5%-10% of birth weight during the first week is normal.

will regain birth weight within 10 days

axillary is preferred

36.4-37.2 celcius

97.5-99 fahrenheit

30-60 breaths per minute

irregular

diaphragmatic and abdominal breathing

periods of apnea less than 15 seconds

120-160 (110-160)

increases to 180 when crying and to 100 when sleeping

tachycardia (greater than 160)

bradycardia (less than 100)

arm and leg

50-75/30-45 mm Hg

closes by 18 months

closes btwn 2-4 months

urethral opening is on the ventral surface of the penis

the urethral opening is on the dorsal side of the penis

testes not palpated in the scrotum

enlarged scrotum due to excess fluid, no urination in 24 hrs

extra digits may indicate a genetic disorder

webbed digits may indicate a genetic disorder

floppy, limp extremities may indicate possible nerve injury related to birth, depression of CNS

tightly flexed arms and stiffly extended legs with quivering indicates possible drug withdrawal

hands and feet are blue

benign localized transient cyanosis around mouth

benign transient pattern of pink and white blotches on the skin

one side of body is pink and the other side is white

flat bluish discolored area on the lower back or buttocks.

more often african american, asian, latin and native americans

rash with red macules and papules that appear in different areas of the body, usually the trunk area

can appear 24 hours to 2 weeks

white papules on the face, more on the bridge of the nose and chin

exposed sebaceous glands/white heads

fine downy hair that develops 16 weeks of gestation

protective substance secreted from sebaceous glands that covered the fetus during pregnancy

• -yellow coloring of skin
• -first appears on face and extends to the trunk

• -within 24 hours =liver
• -after 24 hrs=physiological jaundice related to increased amount of unconjugated bilirubin in the system

elongation of the fetal head as it adapts to the birth canal

resolves within 1 week

localized soft tissue edema of the scalp, feels spongy and can CROSS SUTURE LINES

formation btwn the periosteum and skull with unilateral swelling

appears within a few hours of birth and can increase in size over a few days

CAN NOT CROSS SUTURE LINES

white pearl like epithelial cysts on gum margins and palate

immature caps of enamel and dentin with poorly developed roots

present at birth and disappears within 6 months

let the head slightly drop back, need to see symmetrical abduction and extension of arms and legs flex up against the trunk

makes a C with thumb and index finger

make a loud sound near neonate

same as moro response

btwn birth and 6 weeks-disappears 4-6 months

supine, turn head to one shoulder, neonate should make a "fencing" position with arms and legs

present at birth-disappears 3-6 months

brush the side of a cheek near the corner of mouth, neonate turns head near finger and opens mouth

present at birth-disappears 10-12 months

place a gloved finger or nipple in neonates mouth, sucking motion occurs

present at birth-disappears 3-4 months

place a finger in the palm of neonates hand, neonate grasps the finger

present at birth-disappears at 3-4 months

place a thumb firmly against the ball of the infants foot, toes flex tightly down in a grasping motion

present at birth-disappears at 1 yr

stroke the lateral surface of the sole in an upward motion, hyperextension and fanning of the toes

present at birth-disappears 3-4 weeks

hold the neonate upright with feet touching a flat surface, the neonate steps up and down in place