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sleep paralysis
state of being unable to move just after falling asleep or right before waking up
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consciouness
our subjective experience of the workd, our bodies, and our mental perspectives
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Circadian rhythm
cyclical changes that occur on a roughly 24-hour basis in many biological processes
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biological clock
term for the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus thats responisble for controlling our levels of alertness
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rapid eye movement
darting of the eyes underneath closed eyelids during sleep
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non-REM (NREM) sleep
stages 1 through 4 of the sleep cycle, during which rapid eye movements do not occur and dreaming is less frequent and vivid
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REM Sleep
stage of sleep during which the brain is most active and during which vivd dreaming most often occurs
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lucid dreaming
experience of becoming aware that one is dreaming
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insomnia
difficulty falling and staying asleep
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narcolepsy
disorder characterized by the rapid and often unexpected onset of sleep
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sleep apnea
disorder caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep, resulting in daytime fatigue
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night terrors
sudden walking episodes characterized by screaming, perspiring, and confusion followed by a return to a deep sleep
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sleepwalkign
walking while fully asleep
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activation-synthesis theory
theory that dreams reflect inputs from brain activation then attempts to weave into a story
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neurocognitive theory
theory that dreams are a meaningful product of our cognitive capacities, which shape what we dream about
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near death experience (NDE)
out-of-body experience reported by people who've nearly died or thought they were going to die
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deja vu
feeling of reliving an experience thats new
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mystical experience
feelings of unity or oneness with the world, often w/ strong spiritual overtones
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Hypnosis
set of techniques that provides people with suggestions for alterations in their perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and behavior
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past life regression therapy
therapeutic approach that hypnotizes and supposedly age-regresses patients of a present-day problem
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sociocognitive theory
approach to explaining hypnosis based on people's attitudes, beliefs, and expectations
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dissociation theory
approach to explaining hypnosis based on a separations between personality functions that are normally well integrated
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psychoactive drug
substance that contains chemicals similar to those found naturally in our brains that alter consciousness by changing chemical processes in neurons
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tolerance
reduction in the effect of a drug as a result of repeated use, requiring users to consume greater quantities to achieve the same effect
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withdrawl
unpleasant effects of reducing or stopping consumption of a dru that users had consumed habitually
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physical dependence
dependence on a drug that occurs when people continue to take it to avoid withdrawl symptoms
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psychological dependence
dependence on a drug that occurs when continued use of the drug is motivated by intense cravings
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sedative
drug that exerts a calming effect
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hypnotic
drug that exerts a sleep-inducing effect
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stimulant
drug that increases activity in the central nervous system, including heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure
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narcotic
drug that relieves pain and induces sleep
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hallucinogenic
causing dramatic altercations of perception, mood, and thought
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