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lmcoh99
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epicranius frontal belly
- O: Galea aponeurotica
- I: skin of eyebrows
- A: raises eyebrows
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epicranius posterior belly
- O: superior Nuchal line, temporal bone
- I: galea aponeurotica
- A: fixes galea aponeurotica
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Orbicularis oculi
- O: frontal bone, maxillary bone
- I: eyelid
- A: closes eye
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zygomaticus major/
zygomaticus minor
- O: zygomatic bone
- I: skin and muscle
- A: smiling
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orbicularis oris
- O: other facial muscles
- I: other facial muscles
- A: purses lips
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platysma
- O: pectoral/deltoid fascia
- I: skin and muscle
- A: lowers lip, depresses mandible
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Masseter
- O: zygomatic arch
- I: mandibular angle and mandibular ramus
- A: elevates mandible
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temporalis
- O: temporal fossa
- I: coronoid process of the mandible
- A: elevates mandible, and retracts mandible
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genioglossus
- O:mandible
- I: tongue and hyoid
- A: protracts tongue
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geniohyoid
- O: mandible
- I: hyoid
- A: elevates hyoid and pulls anterior
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digastric, anterior and posterior bellies
- O: mandible
- I: hyoid
- A: elevates hyoid or depresses mandible if hyoid fixed
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mylohyoid
- O: mandible
- I: hyoid
- A: elevates hyoid and floor of mouth
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stylohyoid
- O: styloid process
- I: hyoid
- A: elevates and retracts hyoid
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sternohyoid
- O: sternum, clavicle
- I: hyoid
- A: depresses hyoid (& larynx)
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sternothyroid
- O: sternum
- I: thyroid cartilage
- A: depresses larynx (& hyoid)
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thyrohyoid
- O: thyroid cartilage
- I: hyoid
- A: depresses hyoid or elevates larynx
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omohyoid superior and inferior bellies
- O: scapula
- I: hyoid
- A: depresses and retracts hyoid
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sternocleidomastoid
- O: manubrium, medial clavicle
- I: mastoid process, superior nuchal line
- A: flexes and rotates the head
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scalenes anterior, middle, and posterior
- O: transverse process (cervical vertebrae)
- I: ribs 1 and 2
- A: elevates ribs, flexes neck, rotates neck
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pectoralis major
- O: clavicle, sternum, ribs (1-6)
- I: greater tubercle
- A: flexes arm at shoulder, rotates arm medially, adducts arm
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pectoralis minor
- O: ribs (3-5)
- I: coracoid process of the scapula
- A: depresses scapula, rotates scapula downwards
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serratus anterior
- O: ribs (1-8)
- I: vertebral border of the scapula
- A: rotates scapula upwards, protracts scapula
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external intercostals
- O: superior ribs
- I: inferior ribs
- A: elevates rib cage
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internal intercostals
- O: inferior ribs
- I: superior ribs
- A: depresses rib cage
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external oblique
- O: ribs (5-9)
- I: linea alba, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, iliac crest
- A: flexes and rotates vertebral column, compresses abdomen
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internal obliques
- O: lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
- I: linea alb, pubic crest, ribs (9-12)
- A: flexes and rotates vertebral column, compresses abdomen
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rectus abdominis
- O: pubic crest, pubic symphysis
- I: xiphoid process, costal cartilages (ribs 5-7)
- A: flexes and rotates vertebral column, compresses abdomen
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transversus abdominis
- O: inguinal ligament, costal cartilages, iliac crest, lumbar fascia
- I: linea alba, pubic crest
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deltoid
- O: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, spine of scapula, acromion process of the scapula
- I: deltoid tuberosity
- A: abducts arm; flexes arm at shoulder, rotates arm medially, extends arm at shoulder, rotates arm laterally
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biceps brachii long head
- O: supraglenoid tubercle
- I: radial tuberosity
- A: flexes forearm at elbow, supinates forearm
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biceps brachii short head
- O: coracoid process
- I: radial tuberosity
- A: flexes forearm at elbow, supinates forearm
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brachialis
- O: anterior humerus
- I: coronoid process of the ulna
- A: flexes forearm at elbow
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coracobrachialis
- O: coracoid process
- I: humerus shaft
- A: flexes arm at shoulder, adducts arm
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brachioradialis
- O: lateral supracondylar ridge
- I: styloid process of the radius
- A: flexes forearm at elbow, stabilizes elbow during flexion and extension
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extensor carpi radialis longus
- O: lateral supracondylar ridge
- I: 2nd metacarpal
- A: extends hand at wrist, abducts hand
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extensor carpi radialis brevis
- O: lateral epicondyle
- I: 3rd metacarpal
- A: extends hand at wrist, abducts hand
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extensor digitorum
- O: lateral epicondyle
- I: distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digit
- A: extends distal interphalangeal joints, extends hand at wrist
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extensor carpi ulnaris
- O: lateral epicondyle, ulna
- I: 5th metacarpal
- A: extends hand at wrist, adducts hand
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supinator
- O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, proximal ulna
- I: radius
- A: supinates forearm
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abductor pollicis longus
- O: radius, ulna, interosseous membrane
- I: trapezium, 1st metacarpal
- A: abducts pollex
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extensor pollicis brevis
- O: radius, ulna, interosseous membrane
- I: proximal phalanx of pollex
- A: extends 1st metacarpal-phalangeal joint
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extensor pollicis longus
- O: radius, ulna, interosseous membrane
- I: distal phalanx of pollex
- A: extends 1st interphalangeal joint
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extensor indicis
- O: ulna, interosseous membrane
- I: distal phalanx of 2nd digit
- A: extends 2nd distal interphalangeal joint
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extensor digiti minimi
- O: lateral epicondyle
- I: distal phalanx of 5th digit
- A: extends 5th distal interphalangeal joint
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anconeus
- O: lateral epicondyle
- I: olecranon process
- A: abducts ulna during pronation
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dorsal interossei
- O: metacarpals (sides)
- I: extensor expansions (digits 2, 3, 4)
- A: abducts fingers, flex metacarpals, extend phalanges
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sartorius
- O: anterior superior iliac spine
- I: tibia
- A: flexes thigh at hip, rotates thigh laterally, abducts thigh, flexes leg at knee
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tensor fascia latae
- O: anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest
- I: iliotibial tract
- A: flexes thigh at hip, abducts thigh, rotates thigh medially
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iliopsoas
- O: iliac fossa, ala of the sacrum, transverse processes of (T12-L5)
- I: lesser trochanter
- A: flexes thigh at hip, flexes vertebral column
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pectineus
- O: superior ramus of the pubis
- I: linea aspera
- A: adducts thigh, flexes thigh at hip, rotates thigh medially
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rectus femoris
- O: anterior inferior iliac spine
- I: patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
- A: extends leg at knee, flexes thigh at hip
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vastus lateralis
- O: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, linea aspera
- I: patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
- A: extends leg at knee, stabilizes knee
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vastus medialis
- O: linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
- I: patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
- A: extends leg at knee, stabilizes patella
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vastus intermedius
- O: proximal shaft of the femur
- I: patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
- A: extends leg at knee
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gracilis
- O: body and inferior ramus
- I: tibia
- A: adducts thigh, flexes leg, medially rotates leg
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adductor longus
- O: superior ramus
- I: linea aspera
- A: adducts thigh, flexes thigh, medially rotates thigh
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adductor brevis
- O: body and inferior ramus
- I: linea aspera
- A: adducts thigh, medially rotates thigh
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adductor magnus
- O: inferior ramus, ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity
- I: linea aspera, adductor tubercle
- A: adducts thigh, medially rotates thigh, flexes thigh
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tibialis anterior
- O: lateral condyle of the tibia, interosseous membrane
- I: medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal
- A: dorsiflexes foot, inverts food
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extensor hallucis longus
- O: fibula, interosseous membrane
- I: distal phalanx of the great toe
- A: dorsiflexes foot, extends great toe
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extensor digitorum longus
- O: lateral condyle of the tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
- I: middle and distal phalanges of 2nd-5th digit
- A: extends toes (2-5)
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fibularis tertius
- O: fibula, interosseous membrane
- I: 5th metatarsal
- A: dorsiflexes foot, everts foot
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fibularis longus
- O: head of the fibula
- I: medial cuniform, 1st metatarsal
- A: plantar flexes foot, everts foot
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fibularis brevis
- O: shaft of fibula
- I: 5th metatarsal
- A: plantar flexes foot, everts foot
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extensor digitorum brevis
- O: calcaneus
- I: 1st proximal phalanx base, extensor expansions (2-4)
- A: extends toes
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flexor digitorum brevis
- O: calcaneal tuberosity
- I: middle phalanges (2-4)
- A: flexes toes
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abductor hallucis
- O: calcaneal tuberosity
- I: 1st proximal phalanx
- A: abducts big toe
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abductor digiti minimi
- O: calcaneal tuberosity
- I: 5th proximal phalanx
- A: abducts and flexes 5th toe
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flexor accessorius
- O: calcaneus
- I: flexor digitorum longus tendons
- A: straightens out oblique pull of flexor digitorum longus
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lumbricals
- O: flexor digitorum longus tendons
- I: extensor expansions (2-5)
- A: flex metatarsals, extends phalanges
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flexor hallucis brevis
- O: lateral cuneiform, cuboid
- I: 1st proximal phalanx
- A: flexes 1st toe
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adductor hallucis
- O: metatarsal bases (2-4)
- I: 1st proximal phalanx
- A: adducts toe
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flexor digiti minimi brevis
- O: 5th metatarsal base
- I: 5th proximal phalanx
- A: flexes 5th toe
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plantar interossei
- O: metatarsals (3, 4, 5)
- I: extensor expansions (2-5)
- A: abducts toes, flex metatarsals, extends phalanges
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Trapezius
- O: superior nuchal line, spinous processes (C7-T12)
- I: clavicle, spine of scapula, acromion process
- A: elevates scapula, depresses scapula, rotates scapula, adducts scapula
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latissimus dorsi
- O: spinous processes of (t7-T12), ribs (9-12), iliac crest
- I: intertubercular groove
- A: extends arm at shoulder, adducts arm, rotates arm medially
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levator scapula
- O: transverse processes of (C1-C4)
- I: vertebral border
- A: elevates scapula, downwardly rotates scapula
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rhomboid major
- O: spinous processes of (T2-T5)
- I: vertebral border
- A: adducts scapula, downwardly rotates scapula
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rhomboid major
- O: spinous processes of (C7-T1)
- I: vertebral border
- A: adducts scapula, downwardly rotates scapula
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supraspinatus
- O: supraspinous fossa
- I: greater tubercle
- A: abducts arm
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infraspinatus
- O: infraspinous fossa
- I: greater tubercle
- A: rotates arm laterally
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teres major
- O: inferior angle
- I: lesser tubercle
- A: adducts arm, extends arm at shoulder, rotates arm medially
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teres minor
- O: lateral border
- I: greater tubercle
- A: rotates arm laterally
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subscapularis
- O: subscapular fossa
- I: lesser tubercle
- A: rotates arm medially
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splenius capitis
- O: spinous processes (C6-T7)
- I: mastoid process, occipital bone
- A: extends vertebral column
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semispinalis capitis
- O: transverse processes of (C7-T12)
- I: occipital bone
- A: extends vertebral column
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iliocostalis
- O: iliac crest, ribs (3-12)
- I: ribs, transverse processes (C4-C6)
- A: extends vertebral column
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longissimus
- O: transverse processes (C4-L5)
- I: mastoid process
- A: extends vertebral column
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spinalis
- O: spinous processes (T7-L3)
- I: spinous processes (C4-T6)
- A: extends vertebral column
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triceps brachii long head
- O: infraglenoid tubercle
- I: olecranon process
- A: extends forearm
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triceps brachii lateral and medial head
- O: humerus shaft
- I: olecranon process
- A: extends forearm
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flexor carpi radialis
- O: medial epicondyle of the humerus
- I: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
- A: flexes hand at wrist, abducts hand
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palmaris longus
- O: medial epicondyle of the humerus
- I: palmar aponeurosis
- A: flexes hand at wrist
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flexor carpi ulnaris
- O: medial epicondyle of the humerus, coronoid process of ulna, shaft of ulna
- I: pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal
- A: flexes hand at wrist, adducts hand
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flexor digitorum superficialis
- O: medial epicondyle o the humerus, coronoid process of ulna, shaft of radius
- I:middle phalanges (2-5)
- A: flexes hand at wrist, flexes proximal interphalangeal joints
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flexor digitorum profundus
- O: ulna and interosseus membrane
- I: distal phalanges (2-5)
- A: flexes distal interphalangeal joints
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flexor pollicis longus
- O: anterior radius and interosseus membrane
- I: distal phalanx of pollex
- A: flexes 1st interphalangeal joint
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pronator quadratus
- O: ulna
- I: radius
- A: pronates forearm
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pronator teres
- O: medial epicondyle of the humerus
- I: lateral radius
- A: pronates forearm
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abductor pollicis brevis
- O: carpals
- I: 1st proximal phalanx
- A: abducts thumb
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flexor pollicis brevis
- O: trapezium, flexor retinaculum
- I: 1st proximal phalanx
- A: flexes thumb
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opponens pollicis brevis
- O: trapezium, flexor retinaculum
- I: 1st metacarpal
- A: opposition
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adductor pollicis
- O: capitate, metacarpal bases 2nd-4th
- I: 1st proximal phalanx
- A: adducts thumb, helps with opposition
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abductor digiti minimi
- O: pisiform
- I: 5th proximal phalanx
- A: abducts 5th digit
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flexor digiti minimi brevis
- O: hamate, flexor retinaculum
- I: 5th proximal phalanx
- A: flexes 5th metacarpophalangeal joint
-
opponens digiti minimi
- O: hamate, flexor retinaculum
- I: 5th metacarpal
- A: opposition
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lumbricals
- O: flexor digitorum profundus tendons
- I: extensor expansions (2-5)
- A: flex metacarpophalangeal joint, extend interphalangeal joints
-
Palmar interossei
- O: metacarpals (1,2,4,5)
- I: extensor expansions (1,2,4,5)
- A: adduct fingers
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gluteus maximus
- O: gluteal surface
- I: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity
- A: extends, laterally rotates, and abducts thigh
-
gluteus medius/ gluteus minimus
- O: gluteal suraface
- I: greater trochanter
- A: abducts and medially rotates thigh
-
piriformis
- O: sacrum
- I: greater trochanter
- A: laterally rotates and extends thigh
-
superior and inferior gemmelus
- O: ischial spine, ischial tuberosity
- I: greater trochanter
- A: as for piriformis
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obturator internus
- O: greater sciatic notch, obturator foramen
- I: greater trochanter
- A: as for piriformis
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biceps femoris long head
- O: ischial tuberosity
- I: head of the fibula, lateral condyle of the tibia
- A: extends thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee, rotates leg laterally
-
biceps femoris short head
- O: linea aspera
- I: head of the fibula, lateral condyle of the tibia
- A: flexes leg at knee, rotates leg laterally
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semitendinosus
- O: ischial tuberosity
- I: shaft of tibia
- A: extends thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee, rotates leg medially
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semimembranosus
- O: ischial tuberosity
- I: medial condyle of the tibia
- A: extends thigh at hip; flexes leg at knee, rotates leg medially
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gastrocnemius
- O: lateral condyle of the femur, medial condyle of the femur
- I: calcaneus
- A: plantar flexes foot
-
soleus
- O: tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
- I: calcaneus
- A: plantar flexes foot
-
tibialis posterior
- O: tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
- I: navicular bone, metatarsals (2-4)
- A: plantar flexes foot, inverts foot
-
flexor digitorum longus
- O: shaft of tibia
- I: distal phalanges (2-5)
- A: plantar flexes foot, inverts foot, flexes toes
-
flexor hallucis longus
- O: shaft of the fibula, interosseous membrane
- I: distal phalanx of hallux
- A: plantar flexes foot, inverts footm flexes big toe
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popliteus
- O: lateral condyle of femur
- I: proximal tibia
- A: flexes and medially rotates leg to unlock the knee
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