Biol 196: Chapter 4 Terms

polar heads of fatty acids facing inward and outwards with non polar tails composing the interior.

• made up of lipid bilayers contains some prop of cell membrane, and trapped H2O inside
• No full reproduction and metabolic reactions

regulates what enters and leaves cells

smallest structural and functional unit of organism

RNA performs the role of DNA and protein enzymes

Catalytic RNA, catalyze reactions

Nucleic Acids came first, which formed polymers, then catalyze replication, then catalyze protein synthesis

self sustaining chemical reactions happened first , catalytic minerals built proteins and nucleic acids, then eventually proteins form

No Energy Spark

Exposed electrical sparks to drive reaction to stimulate prehistoric atmosphere of earth

Life originated through the chemical transformation of inanimate substances.

Life arose from inanimate or decaying matter

Sequence of DNA transcribed into RNA that encode specific protein

Info in RNA synthesize protein

DNA copy specific info into RNA

• DNA, replicates complete copies
• done by polymerization

• Replication
• Transcription
• Translation
• Comprise the Function of DNA

Through H-bonding between base pairs in opposite polynucleotide strand, twist backbones coiled

In DNA, the two strands of Nucleotides run in opposite direction parallel to each other, provides 3-D

• Join nucleotides by the sugar of one and phosphate of another
• *Strong Covalent Bond

provides structure, consists of sugar-phosphate group

• Base in RNA only
• Complementary base pair is Adenine

• Base in DNA only
• Complementary base pair is Adenine

• part of both DNA and RNA 
• Complementary base pair Guanine

• 6 membrane single ringed structure
• Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

• part of both DNA and RNA 
• Complementary base pair is Cytosine

• part of both DNA and RNA 
• Complementary base pair is Thymine (DNA) or Uracil (RNA)

• Fused double ringed structures
• Adenine and Guanine

2 chemical forms (Purine and Pyrimidine) that is attached to each sugar in sugar-phophate back bone

Links the carbon 3 of one sugar to the carbon 5 of the next.

• composed of 5 carbon atoms, part of nucleotide. 
• Important in phosphodiester linkages
• can be deoxyribose (DNA) or ribose (RNA)

Monomers of Nucleic Acids

Acts as a messenger, carry's instructions from DNA to synthesis protein

Macromolecule that encodes hereditary info and passes from generation to generation

Polymers specialized for storage and use of genetic info (make up DNA)