FINAL FCS

Climate in the Russian Domain?

Only area of SW Central Asia capable of supporting agriculture

Cultural core of the Russian Domain made of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine

Widespread division of ethnic groups, subject to balkanization

Today, the R.D. is characterized by ------- ethnic division (high or low?)

a newfound openness about everything, particularly government, that aimed to foster discussion and create a new economy in Russia; led/proposed by Gorbachev.

attempt to restructure the economy by Gorbachev through glasnost, but backfired due to the undeniable honesty of the others involved--> ethnic groups within the RD verbally attacked Russian control

Post-Soviet Union RD economy is entirely dependent upon -----

Russian Federation Treaty granted _______ to 21 Russian republics defined essentially along _____ lines.

Russian exclave on the Baltic Sea used to retain strategic control over the associated republics

Economic strategy of communist leaders in Russia during the Soviet Union that resulted in huge economic increases, but at significant human cost; also known as a command economy

Today, overall agriculture employs about _____ percent of Russia's workforce

huge Russian natural gas company that employs over 300,000 people and controls 1/3 of the Earth's known natural gas reserves

Russia has _____ percent of the world's natural gas reserves

largest gas exporter worldwide; second largest oil exporter worldwide

primary destination of Russia's oil and gas supply exports?

minor political subunits created in the former SU and designed to recognize the special status of minority groups within existing republics

key central siberian railroad connection completed in the Soviet era, parallels the trans-siberian railroad

a faction within the Russian communist movement led by Lenin that successfully took control of the country in 1917

an economic system in which the state sets production targets and controls the means of production

a Russian term for dark, fertile soil, often associated with grassland settings in southern Russia and Ukraine

the ideological struggle between the US and the Soviet Union that was conducted between 1946 and 1991

a loose political union of former Soviet republics established in 1992 after the dissolution of the SU

highly mobile Slavic-speaking christians of the southern Russian steppe who were pivotal in expandinf Russian influence in the 16th and 17th century Siberia

a Russian country cottage usd especially in the summer

the process whereby nuclear weapons are removed from an area and dismantled or taken elsewhere

a portion of a country's territory that lies outside its contiguous land area

a collection of Soviet-era labor camps for political prisoners, made famous by Russian writer

a term coined by Churchill during the Cold War that defined the western border of Soviet power in Europe

large, state-constructed urban housing projects built during the Soviet period in the 70s and 80s

a program of partially implemented, planned economic reforms undertaken during the Gorbachev years in the SU designed to make the Soviet economy more efficient and responsive to consumer needs

a cold-climate condition in which the ground remains permanently frozen

a Russian term for an acidic soil of limited fertility, typically found in northern forest environments

a policy of the SU designed to spread Russian settlers and influences to non-Russian areas of the country

a group of peoples in eastern Europe and Russia who speak Slavic languages, a distinctive branch of the Indo-Euro language family

an artistic style once popular in the SU that was associated with realistic depictions of workers in their patriotic struggles against capitalism

the vast coniferous forest of Russia that stretches from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean. The main forest species are fir, spruce, and larch

key southern Siberian railroad connection completed during the Russian Empire that links Euro Russia with the Russian far East

a Russian term for ruler; the authoritarian rulers of the Russian empire before its collapse in the 1917 revolution

agricultural system created by Stalin in the SU, unified and nationalized agricultural production; led to stagnation in the country; gave families kitchen plots to crop on their own, but they sold what they produced instead of eating it-->failure

reason for high migration of Russians returning to Russia?

Major environmental issue in Russian Domain caused by improper control of environmental treatment (wealthy people making decisions, not environmental experts); its use led to the Chernobyl accident; also caused by unregulated waste dumpage and using mines to test nuclear material

most clear-cut example of nuclear pollution; worst nuclear disaster in history, in 1986; killed thousands, and was covered up by the Russian government until pollution reached other countries

area of high population density within Russian Domain, made up of an ethnic shatterbelt; population is concentrated in its foothills
Gets water from mountain runoff, and has the flatland terrain of the foothills to grow crops
During imperialism, many fled to try and save their culture, ended up here

area of persistent cultural imperialism and tension within its territory, suffered civil war with Russians, under oppresive forced rule by Putin and Russian gov't

high division of ethnic groups subject to balkanization

major pipelines of Russia run through the _____, ______, and _______ seas

Russian Empire expansion has occurred mostly in the last ___ years

Reason for Stalin's building of industrial cities

Reasons for low life expectancy in Russia

violent, oppressive government within the Pashtun region of Afghanistan
in conflict with Pakistan

largest ethnic group within Afghanistan

major economic contribution of Afghanistan? (80-90% of the world's supply comes from them)

characteristics of Afghan ethnicity? (3)

not cohesive region itself, but very resistant to outside influence

former major fishing site that is now dried up; separated into north and south sea chunks

reasons for separation of Aral Sea? (4)

problems resulting from Aral Sea separation? (2)

Has the most control over the Aral Sea in Central Asia, refuses to let up on its abuse of water

Conflict between these two central Asian nations is high, as the SU set them up to be against each other on purpose. Territories are interspersed and under the others' control, ethnic differences are simply insurmountable

military alliance between Russia, China, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgizstan, Kazakstan, etc. whose goal is to keep the US out of its border zones using a regional military bloc

#1 killer in China

countries of East Asia?

predominant form of Chinese

vital route to Chinese trade, has been in its possession for a long time

area of China made up of all Chinese language forms

area of China made up of a mixture of non-Chinese/minority languages

Region of economic prosperity in East Asia? Leading to huge econ disparity between the rural and urban populations

autonomous regions of Western China

area of successful devolution in East Asia

leader of Chinese communism

Period of change in China during the 1950s and 1960s, bottoming out experience in which everyone who was educated became a farmer, and those without education gained control over politics; education was frowned upon, and its quality decreased tremendously
-->Led to complete stagnation in the country

Took over after Mao died in 1976, led modernization

China has evolved from a communist to _________ ________ state in the last few decades

location of Nationalists' retreat during the cultural revolution in 1949

-opponents of Communists and the cultural revolution who believed the rich should own and control things, and keep them as they are
-retreated to Taiwan during the rev'n, took land, gave it to farmers, and built their economy around modernization --> this put them into the globalized economy, and they became a modern democracy

land given back to China in 1997 from Europe, serves as China's window on the capitalist modern world
China leaves it alone in terms of control, and simply uses it to participate in the world economy

largest economy in East Asia, 2nd largest economy in the world
large environmental diversity
very mountainous with very little flatland

Japan population compared to that of CA? (it is the same size as CA)

Effects of dense population in tiny amount of flatland in Japan?? (4)

Major environmental hazard in Japan

largest city in the world, at the center of 3 tectonic plates;
pins down the entire finances of the global economic system, on par with New York and London
High population density, lots of high-rise living

Centers of Japanese economic integration/urbanism (3)

Highly reliant on trade because of its isolated location, with high levels of imports and exports
Small region with few resources and huge pop density
Highly dependent on the global economy
Connection/strong tension with Australia

autonomous region of East Asia that was caught up in the Cold War, split from a larger central nation, and is now a poverty-stricken, tightly-controlled communist country

autonomous region of East Asia that was caught up in the Cold War, split
from a larger central nation, and is now a technological powerhouse in the global economy

set of islands off East Asian coast that its countries own in order to drill its surrounding oil; center of high conflict

the "Indian Subcontinent", known as such by its natural and environmental distinctions

region surrounded by mountains that separate it from the rest of Asia

major environmental hazard in South Asia?

reasons for flood potential in South Asia? (5)

Agricultural method of most South Asian residents?

climate of South Asia

seasonal wind that runs South Asian climate, bringing wet air and heavy rain in the summer, and removing moisture/leaving dry air in the winter (winter is dominant)

most of S. Asia's population is concentrated along the _____ River

Area of S Asia that grows rice in its river valleys and supports a high population density

Areas of S Asia that grow mostly wheat (2)

language family that took successful control of most of subtropical India

cultural group that remained strong against the Aryans, and still holds cultural dominance and control in the southern area of India

unifying characteristic of India/S. Asia

areas of Islamic dominance in S. Asia? (3)

religious-based ethnic tension, prominent in India because religion is the main factor in identity and nationalism
leads to strong violent undercurrent between groups

Location of border disputes between India and Pakistan, has been fought over since India gained independence
Worrysome because both are nuclear powers

location of high Buddhist concentration (Aryans) vs. Dravidian Hindus, armed resistance ended about a year ago

Economic geographical patterns in S. Asia (2)

reason that India is overlooked as an economic success despite its position in the modernized world?

______ million people in India are employed by high tech industries that are part of the globalized economy

biggest environmental concern in Southeast Asia?

In SEA, high conflict exists between what religions?

term that characterizes SEA language?

area in SEA of high foreign direct investment, city with country-level economic activity, highest FDI of all SEA cities and most countries
serves as SEA's doorway to the global economy for SEA, considered its entrepot
huge average GNI per capita (#s are similar to European states)

huge ethnic differentiation in this region leads to high tension and conflic within SEA

entry/exit point in a region with high connections to the global economy, comes with everything necessary to trade with the world, incl. imports and exports

what links Australia and Oceania together as a region?

region of Australia characterized by geologic youth, volcanic activity, high economic potential because of fertile soils, good water sources, and room for tourism/trade

region of Australia characterized by geologic age, atolls, and low economic potential bc of poor soil, no water supply, and low trade/tourism potential

original, non-European population of Australia, ignored/destroyed by the British
*efforts have been made to reclaim their lands, but with varying degrees of success

original settlers of New Zealand, highly stable relationship with its later English settlers/stable agreement

persistent Chinese influence through trends that cater to its tastes

system in India aimed at reducing poverty through the increased promotion of water buffalo husbandry

Indian solution to poverty that promoted transition to cash crops

social structure outlawed in India in 1949, but stigma of its distinctions are still widely prevalent, particularly in villages

a fan-shaped deposit of sediments dropped by a river or stream flowing out of a mountain range

in the religion of Mahayana Buddhism, a spiritual being that helps others attain enlightment

a portion of a country's territory that lies outside its contiguous land area

a river that issues from a humid area and flows into a dry area otherwise lacking streams

a fine, wind-deposited sediment that makes fertile soil but is very vulnerable to water erosion

nomadic and sedentary peoples who rely upon livestock for their sustenance and livelihood

a harsh, Islamic fundamentalist political group that ruled most of Afghanistan in the late 1990s. Lost power in 2001, but remnant groups continue to fight against US-led forces in Afghanistan

political state led by religious authorities

a form of pastoralism in which animals are taken to high-altitude pastures during the summer, and returned to low-altitude pastures during the winter

a landscape heavily transformed by humans

in the context of China, provinces that have been granted a certain degree of political and cultural autonomy, or freedom from centralized authority, owing to the fact that they contain large numbers of non-Han Chinese people

a theory used to explain the distribution of cities, and the relationships between different cities, based on retail marketing

the eastern half of the country of CHina where the Han Chinese form the dominant ethnic group. The vast majority of China's population is located here.

the philosophical system developed by Confucius in the sixth century BCE

the scattering of a particular group of people over a vast geographical area

the traditional Chinese and Korean practice of designing buildings in accordance with the principles of cosmic harmony and discord that supposedly course through the local topography

a writing system in which each symbol represents not a sound but rather a concept

an economic system in which the state has minimal involvement in which market forces largely guide economic activity

a member of the high-level bureaucracy of Imperial China

the philosophy behind communism, has many variants, presumes the desirability of a socialist economic system run through a central planning agency

the process of exporting industrial pollution and other waste material to other countries; can be direct or indirect

a term applied to a series of lakes in the middle Yangtze Valley of China; take water during flood periods, and supply water during dry periods

regions of heavy industry that experience marked economic decline after their factories cease to be competitive

the warrior class of traditional Japan

the amount of sand, silt, and clay carried by a river

the true ruler of Japan before 1868, as opposed to the emperor, whose power was merely symbolic

a process by which certain classes of people grow richer when others grow poorer

a process by which certain places grow more prosperous while others become less prosperous

relatively small districts in China that have been fully opened to global capitalism

limited areas gained by Euro countries for trade purposes and more generally for economic exploitation and political manipulation

a massive urban agglomeration that results from the coalescing of two or more formerly separate metropolitan areas

language in which the same set of basic sounds may have very different meanings depending on the pitch in which they are uttered

private trade org that acted as arm of colonial Britain--backed by the British army--in monopolizing trade in S. Asia until 1857, when it was abolished and replced by full gov'tal control

complex division of South Asian society into different hierarchically ranked hereditary groups. Most explicit in Hindu society, but also found in other Cs

the currently preferred term used to denote the members of India's most discriminated-against caste groups, previously deemed "untouchables"

one of the earliest language families, NOT indo-euro, now found only in southern India and part of Sri Lanka

states created in India upon independence in 1947 and drawn primarily along linguistic lines, so that today state power is often associated with specific ethnic groups within the nation

a capital city deliberately positioned near the international border of a contested territory, signifying the state's interest-and presence-in this zone of conflict

a contemporary fundamental religious and political movement that promotes Hindu values as the essential and exclusive fabric of Indian society.

the historical and contemporary propensity of Indians to migrate to other countries in search of better opps

religious group in S. Asia that emerged as a protest against orthodoz Hinduism about 6th c BCE, ethical core is the doctrine of noninjury to all living creatures

promotion of one language over others that is, in turn, linked to shared notions of nationalism

Regional Hindu royalty, usually a king or prince, who ruled specific areas of SA before independence, but who was usually subject to overrule by British colonial advisers

the preeminent Islamic period of rule that covered most of SA during the early 16-late 17th cent. and attempted to unify both Muslims and Hindus into a large South Asian state. Dissolved by British in 1857

enhanced precipitation over uplands that results from lifting of air masses as they are forced over mountains

an Indian religion combining Islamic and Hindu elements, founded in the Punjab region in the late 15th cent. Holds long tradition of militarism

a large segment of land separated from the main land mass on which it sits by lofty mtns or other geog barriers, ie SA

the common name of the rebel forces in Sri Lanka that have been fighting over its army since 1983

a supranational geopolitical group linking together the 10 different states of SEA

the name given to native Malay, who are given preference for jobs and schooling by the Malaysian gov't

dried coconut meat

a system in which close friends of a political leader are either legally or illegally given business advantages in return for their political support

a US geopolitical theory of the 1970s that stemmed from the assumption that if Vietnam fell to the communists, the rest of SEA would soon follow

an area of N Thailand, Burma, and Loas that is known as a major souce region for heroin and is plugged into the global drug trade

"Red Cambodians", the left-wing insurgent group led by French-educated Marxists rebelled against the royal CaMBODIAN GOVERNMENT IN THE 1960S AND again in a peasants' revolt in 1967

one of the two main epic poems of the Hindus religion, also commonly performed in the shadow puppet theaters of Java

migrants, with or without agricultural experience, who are transplanted by gov't relocation schemes

an extension of the continental shelf from the SEA mainland to the outlying islands; overlying sea is generally shallow

form of cultivation/agriculture in which forested or brushy plots are cleared of vegetation, burned, and then planted to crops, only to be abandoned a few yrs later as soil fertility declines

the planned, govt-sponsored relocation of people from one area to another within a state territory

large tropical storms, similar to hurricanes, that form in the western Pacific in tropical latitudes and cause widespread damage to the Philipphines and coastal SE and E Asia

island groups, often oriented in an elongated pattern

an int'l group of Asian and Pacific Basin nations that fosters coordinated economic development within the region

low, sandy islands made from coral, often oriented around a central region

an agreement signed in 1982 btwn Australia and New Zealand designed to eliminate all economic and trade barriers between the 2 countries

light-skinned Europeans or US citizens in the Hawaiian Islands

a supply of magma that produces a chain of mid-ocean volcanoes atop a zone of moving oceanic crust

Melanesian workers imported to Australia, historically often concentrated along Queenslands "sugar coast"

a tough and scrubby eucalyptus woodland of limited economic value that is common across portions of interior Australia

Pacific Ocean region that includes the culturally complex, generally darker-skinned peoples of New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanatu, New Caledonia, and Fiji

Pacific Ocean region that includes the culturally diverse, generally small islands north of Melanesia, includes Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, and Federated States of Micronesia

usually independent states that are small in both area and population

Australian legislation signed in 1993 that provides Aborigines with enhanced legal rights over land and resources within the country

a major world subregion that usually includes New Zealand and the major islands of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia

Australia's large, generally dry, and thinly settled interior

a version of English that also incorporates elements of other local languages, often utilized to foster trade and basic communication btwn different C groups

Pacific Ocean region, broadly unified by language and cultural traditions, that includes the Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas Islands, Society Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago, Cook Islands, American Samoa, Samoa, Tonga, and Kiribati

cultures that have yet to be contacted and influenced by the Western world

grape cultivation

before 1975, a set of stringent Australian limitations on nonwhite immigration to the county. largely replaces by a more flexible policy today.

Central Asia's core highland area; a complex tangle of ranges located where Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, and Tajikistan converge. Several distinct ranges radiate outward from here in various directions.

now an autonomous region of China known as Xizang

a fertile and strategically important land shared by Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan

Ctrl Asian group noted for its traditional economy based on transhumance?

While Russian became the lingua franca of western Central Asia during the Soviet era, the emerging language of choice is ______