A&P Chapter 3

Covers the body and it's parts; lines various parts of the body; forms contiuous sheets that contain no blood vessles; classified according to shape and arrangement

Cell Shape resembling a cube

Meshwork of netlike tissue that forms the framework of the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow

A network of tubeles formed in the cytoplasm between the centroils as they are moving away from eachother

Consists of neurons and gila that provide rapid communucation and control of body function

Substance that dissolvess into another substance, for example, in saltwater the salt is the solute disolved in water

One o many segments of a chromosome (DNA molocules)

a solution containing a lower level of salt than is found in a living red blood cell

Supporting cells of nervous tissue, also called neurogila

Secreting structure

Specialized cell found in simple columnar epithelium that produces mucus

Entime set of chromosomes in a cell; the human genome refers to the entire set of human or other species genome

Secreting into a duct; opposite of endocrine

secreting into the blood or tissue fluid rather than into a duct; opposite of exocrine

disintegration of a cell

the intracellular substance of a tissue for example, the matrix of bone is calcified, whereas that of blood is liquid

Aduplicate copy of a gene sequence on the DNA that passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Indirect cell division involving complex changes in the nucleus

Second stage of mitosis, during which the nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappeasr

First stage of mitosis during which chromosomes become visable.

Last stage of mitosis in which the cell divides

Anabnormal mass of proliferating cells that may be either benign or malignant

Nerve cell including its processes (axons and dendrited)

A special type of cytoplasm

Cell organ; for example, the ribosome

Small, moving cell extensions that for the brush like border made up of epithelial cells found on each villus in the small interstine increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Thread like structures

Membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus

Critical to proteine formation because it "programs" the formation of ribosomes in the nucleus

Spherical structure within a cell; a group of neuron cell bodies in the brain of spinal cord, central core of the atom, made up of protons and (sometimes) neurons

A system of coupled ion pumps that actively transports sodium ion out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell at the same time, found in all living cells

Membranous organelles containing various enzymes that can disolve most cellular compounds; hence called digestive bags or suicide bags of cells

Structural unit of compact bone tissue made up of concentric layers (lamellae) of hard bone matrix and bone cells (osteocytes); also called Haversian system

membrane that separates the contents of a cell from the tissue fluid; encloses the cytoplasm and forms the outer boundary of the cell

a nucleic acid found in the cytoplasm that is crucial to protein synthesis

Organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that synthesizes proteins, also known as a protine factory

Nerve cell process that transmits impulses away from the cell body

Stage of mitosis duplicate chromosomes move to poles of dividing cell

One of a pair of tiny cylinders in the centrosome of a cell; beleived to be involved with the spindle fibers formed during mitosis

Area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus that coordinates the building and break up of microtubules in the cell; contains centroles

hairlike projections of cells

branching or treelike; a nerve cell process that transmits impulses toward the body

Network of tubules and vesicles in cytoplasm

Single projection extending from the cell surface; only example in humans is the "tail" of the male sperm

Small sacs stacked on one another near the nucleus that makes carbohydrate compounds, combines them with protine molecules, and packages the product in a globule

Most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body; has numerous functions

Sha[e in which cells are taller than they are wide

a type of connective tissue consisting of fibers and variety of cells embedded in a loose matrix of soft, sticky gel

Specialized connective tissue that is responsible for the formation of blood cells and lymphatic system cells; found in red marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes

fat tissue

The synthesis of s protine by ribosomes

Occurs when the double-stranded DNA molecules unwind and form RNA

Type of epithelial tissue that forms membranes capable of stretching without breaking, as in the urinary bladder; cells in this tyoe of tissue can stretch from a roughly columner shape out to a flattened shape (squamous) and back without damage

scale-like

a solution containing a higher level of salt (NaCl) than is found in a living red blood cell (bove 0.9% NaCl)

The active transport mechanism used to transfer fluids or dissolved substances into cells

ingestion and digestion of portions by a cell

Movement of a fluid through a semipermiable membrane

Movement of water and solutes through a membrane by a higher hydrostatic pressure on one side.

Spreading-for example, scattering of disolved particles

Seperation of smaller (diffusable) particles from larger (non diffusable) particles through a semipermiable membrane

principal organic can stiluent of connective tissue

Abnormal notching in an erythrocyte resulting from shrinkage after suspension in a hypertonic solution

A process by which daughter cells become different in structure and function (by using different genes from the genome all cells of the body share), as when some of the original cells of early developmental stages differentiate to become muscle cells and other cells become nerve cells, and so on (differentiation is another form of this term)

The gel-like substance of a cell exclusive of the nucleus and other organells

Cartilage cell

Either of two replicated chromatin (DNA) strands within a chromosome of a cell ready to divide.

A beardlike structure that attaches one chromatid to another during the early stages of mitosis.

Programmed cell death by means of several biochemical processes built into each cells; apoptis clears space for newer cells as in early embryonic development or in tissue repair

Depression in the parent cell surface duringcell division; appears at the end of anaphase and begins to divide the cell into two daughter cells

Easily stained in the nucleus of cells made up of DNA strands wound around spools of protine; condenses into chromosomes during mitosis

DNA molecule that has coiled to form a compact mass during mitosis or meiosis; each chromosome is composed of regions called genes, each of which transmits heredity information.

Genetic material of the cell that carries the chemical "blueprint" of the body.

Cells internal supporting, moving framework