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The radiographer must be able to?
- Identify the needs of the pt.
- set appropriate priorities
- provide pertinent information to the radiologist
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Personal needs of pt.s
- Anxiety relief
- continuity of care
- physical comfort
- security of personal belongings
-
Physiological needs of pt.s
- Water
- elimination(assisting pts. to the bathroom, bedpans and urinals, urine collection bags, and colostomy care)
- sanitary supplies
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Position in which the patient is laying down
Recumbent
-
Position in which patient is recumbent and on their back
Supine
-
Position in which the patient is recumbent on their stomach.
Prone
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Lateral position in which the patient is laying on their right for left side.
Lateral recumbent/recovery position
-
Oblique position in which one left is up higher than the other
Sims position (enema tip insertion)
-
Position in which the patients feet are higher than their head
trendelenburg position
-
Position in which the patients head is higher than their feet.
Fowler's position
-
Position that increases the flow of blood to the patients head.
Knee-chest position
-
Position in which the patient is in a supine position with their thighs abducted
Lithotomy position
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Patients who experience difficulty breathing, nausea, abdominal pain, or lower back pain should be placed in what position?
Fowler's position with the knees flexed
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What are the most common problems with geriatric patients?
- They don't respond we'll to being hurried
- loss of adipose and skin texture makes them more sensitive to the cold
- loss of sense of balance makes them more susceptible to falls
- circulation is compromised/more susceptible to decubitus ulcers
-
The total abuse rate is ______ cases per 1,000 children.
25
-
battered child syndrome/non accidental trauma:
- Neglect(most common)
- sexual
- emotional
- physical
-
Elder abuse:
- Physical abuse
- sexual abuse
- neglect
- exploitation
- emotional abuse
- abandonment
- self-neglect
-
What should be done when taking a history?
- Rationale(why are we doing this procedure?
- procedure(note any symptoms twinkle doing the procedure)
- precautions(look for things that should contradict the procedure-contrast, can the pt stand?, etc.)
- additional considerations(anything that you notice)
-
What are some techniques for better history taking?
- Open ended questions
- facilitation
- silence
- probing questions
- repetition
- summarization
-
What must be done to assess a patients physical status?
- Check the chart
- physical examination
- -physical signs
- -vital signs
- -temperature, pulse, and respirations
-
What is a lack of oxygen in the tissues?
CysnoticCyan stoic
-
What what does syncope refer to?
Fainting
-
A diaphoretic patient experiences a ________.
Cold sweat
-
Body temperature is ________ in the morning and ________ in the evening.
-
Normal oral temperatures range from _____ degrees to_____ degrees.
96.8-99.8
-
A rectal temperature should be _____ to _____ degrees _________ than oral.
-
An axillary temp. should be _____ to _____ degrees ________ than oral.
-
An increase in body metabolism, usually in response to an infectious process.
Fever
-
When should the oral method not be used?
- If the pt has had something to drink
- if the pt is receiving oxygen
- if the pt is under 6 years old
- if the pt is disorientated or confused
-
What method of taking temperature is the most accurate and faster?
Rectal
-
What method of temperature taking is slower, but less invasive than the other methods?
Axillary
-
What are some types of thermometers?
- Digital electronic (can be read in 1 minute of less)
- glass
- tympanic
- disposable
-
The advancing pressure wave in an artery when the left ventricle contracts
Pulse
-
What is the average pulse?
60-100 bpm
-
When doesn't tachycardia occur?
When a pts bpm is over 100
-
When can bradycardia occur?
When a patient has less than 60 bpm
-
How should the quality of the pulse be?
Strong and steady
-
What is the normal range of reseperations?
12-20 breaths per minute
-
What is dyspenia?
Difficulty breathing
-
What is orthopnea?
Difficulty breathing in a supine position
-
What is tachypnea?
Rapid breathing
-
When does hyperventilation occur?
When too much oxygen has been inhaled
-
What bradypnea?
Abnormal breathing; less than 12 breaths per minute
-
A measure of the force exerted by blood on the arterial walls during contraction and relaxation.
Blood pressure
-
The constant pressure that is still exerted on the arterial vessels by the blood even when the heart is relaxed.
Diastolic pressure
-
The peak pressure that is present during contraction of the heart.
Systolic pressure
-
What is the normal range of systolic pressure?
95-119 mm Hg (old=130)
-
What is a normal range for diastolic pressure?
60-79 mm Hg (old=90
-
When is a patient considered to have prehypertension?
- When the systolic pressure is between 120 and 139 mm Hg
- and
- the diastolic pressure is between 80 and 89 mm Hg
-
If a prehypertension pt is left untreated, the pt will increase the risk of ______ or _______.
-
What should the pulse pressure always be?
40!
-
Diastolic pressure that is greater than 90 mm Hg.
Hypertension
-
Diastolic pressure that is less than 50/60 mm Hg.
Hypotension
-
What kinds of equipment is used to auscultate blood pressure?
- Spigmomanometer
- stethoscooe
-
The first sound of blood flow is the _______ pressure.
Systolic
-
When is the diastolic pressure reached?
When the sound of blood flowing through the arm can no longer be heard
-
How should a blood pressure be recorded?
Should be recorded in mm Hg with the systolic measurement over the diastolic
-
What are some devices that monitor patients?
- Pulse oximeter
- ECG or EKG
- EEG
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