Passive Voice Rules

Replace the normal present endings with the passive endings. (use "or" in first person)

• Ex:
• portor
• portaris
• portatur
• portamur
• portamini
• portantur

Substitute active the endings for passive ones:

• bar
• baris
• batur
• bamur
• bamini
• bantur

Note: 3rd IO and 4th have an "ie" before the ending. (Ex - iaciebar and audiebar)

Substitutes the active endings for passive ones:

• bor
• beris
• bitur
• bimur
• bimini
• buntur

Ex. Portabor, Portaberis ect.

Replace the "re" (as in movere) with the passive endings.

For first person, use "or" (as in moveor)

Replace the "re" (as in movere) with the passive endings:

• bor
• beris
• bitur
• bimur
• bimini
• buntur

Ex. Movebor, Moveberis ect.

Replace the normal present endings with the passive endings. (use "or" in first person)

Note: In second person singular, change the "i" to and "e". Ex - mitteris.

In IO, also remove the "I". Ex - Iaceris

Replace the "re" (as in mittere) with the passive endings:

• ar
• ēris (remember the macrem here)
• etur
• emur
• emini
• entur

Ex. Mittar, Mitteris ect.

For IO, act as if it's 4th conjugation.

Replace the normal present endings with the passive endings. (use "or" in first person)

Ex. Audior, Audiris, Auditur, ect.

Replace the "re" (as in audire) with the passive endings:

• ar
• eris
• etur
• emur
• emini
• entur

Ex. Audiar, Audieris, ect.

The adjective form of the verb plus:

• sum
• es
• est
• sumus
• estis
• sunt

Remember: The adjective part changes by gender and number.

Ex. Portatus (masc sing) vs. Portatae (fem plur)

The adjective form of the verb plus:

• eram
• eras
• erat
• eramus
• eratis
• erant

The adjective form of the verb plus:

• ero
• eris
• erit
• erimus
• eritis
• erunt

• r/or
• ris
• tur
• mur
• mini
• ntur