Management- Chapter 2.2

Emphasized finding ways to manage work more EFFICIENTLY.

• Has two Branches
• 1.  Scientific Management
• 2.  Administrative Management

The scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers.

"Father of Scientific Management"

• Believed in applying four principles of science:
• 1.  Evaluate a task by scientifically studying each part of the task (*Motion Studies)
• 2.  Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task.
• 3.  Give workers training and incentives to complete the task. (*Differential Rate System)
• 4.  Use scientific principles to plan the work methods and ease the way for workers to do their jobs.

Positive- Increases productivity of workers, which could increase profits and benefit both management and employees.  

Negative- Could reduce the number of employees need because of improved efficiency.

Scientific Management (*Lillian first woman to be a major contributor to managment science)

* Used movie cameras to film workers at work in order to isolate the parts of a job

**This expanded on Taylor's Motion Studies

Managing the total organization as a whole.

Administrative Management

Identified the Four Functions of Management (Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling)

Administrative Management

Believed Bureaucracy has positive benefits:

• 1.  Well defined hiearchy of authority
• 2.  Formal rules and procedures
• 3.  A clear division of labor
• 4.  Impersonality
• 5.  Careers based on merit.

By applying scientific methods (motion studies & job specialization) managers were able to boost productivity. 

By applying administrative methods, managers are able to identify major functions and define structure, roles and procedures to improve organizational performance.

• Too mechanistic
• Viewed humans as machines
• Did not account for human needs