CH 5 A&P BIOL 223

The four main types of tissues include

A) epithelium.
B) muscle.
C) nerve.
D) connective.
E) all of the above

Collections of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function are

A) cellular aggregates.
B) organs.
C) tissues.
D) cellular strata.
E) organ systems.

The most abundant tissue type in the body is

A) muscle tissue.
B) nervous tissue.
C) epithelial tissue.
D) contractive tissue.
E) connective tissue.

Intercellular connections that lock cells together are called

A) tight junctions.
B) gap junctions.
C) desmosomes.
D) CAMS.
E) none of the above

Epithelial cells are adapted for

A) providing protection.
B) controlling permeability.
C) providing sensations.
D) producing secretions.
E) all of the above

Epithelial cells that are adapted for removing material from the surface usually have ________ at their free surface.

A) cilia
B) Golgi complexes
C) many mitochondria
D) junctional complexes
E) microvilli

A type of intercellular connection in which the outermost lipid portions of the two cell membranes is fused is termed a(n)

A) tight junction.
B) gap junction.
C) intermediate junction.
D) desmosome.
E) none of the above

Dead skin cells are shed in thick sheets because the strong links are held together by

A) intermediate junctions.
B) tight junctions.
C) gap junctions.
D) desmosomes.
E) junctional complexes.

Which of the following is a term used to describe the number of layers of cells?

A) stratified
B) squamous
C) cuboidal
D) columnar
E) All of the above are correct.

Examination of a tubular structure with the electron microscope reveals a lining of cells with microvilli. This tissue is from the

A) male reproductive system.
B) small intestine.
C) female reproductive system.
D) urinary bladder.
E) stomach.

The type of epithelium that is found in functional lung tissue is

A) stratified cuboidal.
B) simple squamous.
C) stratified squamous.
D) simple cuboidal.
E) transitional.

Which of the following is a correct statement about stratified epithelia?

A) They are vascular.
B) They line internal compartments and passageways.
C) They afford little mechanical protection.
D) They are characteristic of regions where secretion or absorption occurs.
E) They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.

The type of epithelium found lining the respiratory tract is

A) stratified squamous.
B) simple cuboidal.
C) transitional.
D) simple squamous.
E) pseudostratified columnar.

Simple squamous epithelium would be found

A) lining blood vessels.
B) lining the trachea.
C) lining the urinary bladder.
D) at the surface of the skin.
E) lining the chambers of the thyroid gland.

A simple cuboidal epithelium would be found

A) lining the ducts that drain sweat glands.
B) lining the stomach.
C) lining kidney tubules.
D) at the surface of the skin.
E) lining the urinary bladder.

The type of epithelium with multiple cell types whose nuclei are staggered is

A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
B) stratified columnar epithelium.
C) simple cuboidal epithelium.
D) simple columnar epithelium.
E) stratified cuboidal epithelium.

The linings of sweat glands have this type of tissue.

A) stratified squamous
B) transitional epithelium
C) simple squamous
D) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
E) simple cuboidal

Which of the following cells is found in stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

A) macrophage
B) adipocyte
C) melanocyte
D) fibroblast
E) mast cell

Most of the digestive tract is lined by

A) columnar epithelia.
B) transitional epithelia.
C) stratified squamous epithelia.
D) simple squamous epithelia.
E) transitional epithelia.

Which of the following protects all of the others?

A) skin
B) nerves
C) bone
D) cartilage
E) muscle

Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?

A) nervous tissue
B) muscle tissue
C) bone tissue
D) simple squamous tissue
E) glandular tissue

A lymph node contains large amounts of

A) junctional complexes.
B) fibrous netting.
C) basement membrane.
D) reticular fibers.
E) intercellular glue.

Functions of connective tissue include

A) establishing a structural framework for the body.
B) transporting fluids and dissolved materials.
C) providing protection for delicate organs.
D) storing energy reserves.
E) all of the above

The fiber type that can be stretched is called

A) fibrin.
B) elastin.
C) myosin.
D) actin.
E) collagen.

The cell that accounts for the least amount of the volume of blood is the

A) red blood cell.
B) leukocyte.
C) platelet.
D) thrombocyte.
E) none of the above

The most common type of cartilage is

A) hyaline.
B) ligamentous.
C) elastic.
D) osseous.
E) fibrous cartilage.

Cells that release histamine and heparin are

A) adipocytes.
B) mast cells.
C) macrophages.
D) melanocytes.
E) fibroblasts.

Which of the following is the strongest type of cartilage?

A) elastic cartilage.
B) reticular cartilage.
C) fibrous cartilage.
D) hyaline cartilage.
E) transitional cartilage.

Types of connective tissue include

A) bone, elastic connective, and blood.
B) simple squamous, adipose, and smooth.
C) skeletal, smooth, and fibrous.
D) skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
E) fibrous connective, stratified squamous, and skeletal

Connective tissue structures that attach muscles to bone are called

A) tendons.
B) organs.
C) nerves.
D) cartilage.
E) ligaments.

Examples of fibrous connective tissue include

A) tendons.
B) ligaments.
C) respiratory passages.
D) salivary glands.
E) A and D only.

Which of the following are supportive connective tissues?

A) cartilage
B) bone
C) adipose connective tissue
D) dense connective tissue
E) both A and B

This type of tissue typically makes up the internal framework of organs such as the spleen.

A) cardiac
B) neural
C) serous
D) skeletal
E) reticular

Skeletal muscle is to muscle tissue as bone is to

A) nervous tissue.
B) connective tissue.
C) muscle tissue.
D) epithelial tissue.
E) bone tissue.

Why does damaged cartilage heal slowly?
A) Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients and other molecules must diffuse to the site of injury.
B) Chondrocytes cannot be replaced if killed, and other cell types must take their place.
C) Damaged collagen cannot be quickly replaced, thus slowing the healing process.
D) Damaged cartilage becomes calcified, thus blocking the movement of materials required for healing.
E) Chondrocytes divide more slowly than other cell types, delaying the healing process.

Examination of a tissue sample reveals relatively few cells with a large amount of intercellular material. The tissue is most likely
A) epithelium.
B) adipose tissue.
C) muscle.
D) connective tissue.
E) nervous.

Which of the following is made up of a complete simple columnar epithelium and a relatively large amount of underlying connective tissue, and provides lubrication?

A) mucous membranes
B) serous membranes
C) cutaneous membranes
D) synovial membranes
E) none of the above

A lubricating membrane that works with cartilage in a joint is called a
A) glandular membrane.
B) cutaneous membrane.
C) synovial membrane.
D) serous membrane.
E) mucous membrane.

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the
A) perichondrium.
B) pericardium.
C) peritoneum.
D) pleura.
E) periosteum.

Tissue that is specialized for contraction is
A) epithelium.
B) connective tissue.
C) nerve tissue.
D) muscle.
E) cartilage.

The muscle tissue without striations is
A) skeletal muscle.
B) multinucleated muscle.
C) voluntary muscle.
D) cardiac muscle.
E) smooth muscle.

The muscle tissue that contains intercalated discs is
A) skeletal muscle.
B) multinucleate muscle.
C) smooth muscle.
D) cardiac muscle.
E) voluntary muscle.

The muscle tissue that usually attaches to bone is
A) voluntary muscle.
B) smooth muscle.
C) skeletal muscle.
D) multinucleate muscle.
E) cardiac muscle.

Tissue that contains large amounts of actin and myosin is
A) osseous tissue.
B) muscle tissue.
C) areolar tissue.
D) epithelial tissue.
E) nervous tissue.

Smooth muscle differs from the other two types of muscle tissue because
A) it contains actin and myosin filaments.
B) of its arrangement of actin and myosin.
C) it forms muscle fibers.
D) it has only one nucleus per cell.
E) it has the ability to contract independent of neural stimulation.

Another term for smooth muscle tissue is
A) striated voluntary.
B) nonstriated involuntary.
C) smooth voluntary.
D) cardiac.
E) smooth.

Close examination of an organ reveals two middle tissue layers of organized cells. The layers seem to be running in circular and longitudinal directions. This tissue is probably
A) epithelium.
B) muscle.
C) connective tissue.
D) fat tissue.
E) nervous.

The cell body of a neuron is also called
A) a synapse.
B) a soma.
C) nerve fibers.
D) dendrites.
E) an axon.

Which type of tissue contains neuroglial cells?
A) muscle
B) nerve
C) epithelial
D) connective
E) squamous

Cells of neural tissue that support the tissue are called
A) neuroglia.
B) neurons.
C) fibroblasts.
D) adipocytes.
E) none of the above

The replacement of normal tissue with abnormal tissue is called
A) redness, warmth, and swelling.
B) bleeding, clotting, and hemolysis.
C) necrosis, fibrosis, and scarring.
D) hematoma, shivering, and fever.
E) none of the above

The study of tissue is called ____________.

Flattened cells on the surface are characteristic of _____________ epithelia.

Stringy proteins found in connective tissues are called __________.

The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as _________.

The most abundant fluid connective tissue in the body is ___________.

Epithelial and connective tissues combine to form ______________ and tissues in the body

Membranes that are mostly connective tissue with a discontinuous epithelium are called _________________________.

______________ membranes are associated with freely moveable joints

_________ cells are modified to change shape in response to electrical stimuli.

The type of muscle cell that has the ability to divide is _____________ muscle

Regions where adjacent cardiocytes interlock and electrical coupling between cells occurs are _________________________.

____________ are cells that support and protect the neurons

Embryonic connective tissue is termed _________.
A) endoderm
B) mesoderm
C) ectoderm
D) mesenchyme
E) matrix

These cells are named pseudostratified because
A) they change shape from cuboidal to squamous as they approach the basal surface.
B) they appear to be layered, but in fact are not.
C) they are layered.
D) they have cilia.

Which type of epithelium is often covered with a protective layer of mucus produced by goblet cells?
A) simple squamous epithelium in the blood vessels
B) simple cuboidal epithelium in the kidney
C) transitional epithelium in the respiratory system
D) ciliated pseudostratified epithelium in the respiratory system

Where is transitional epithelium found in humans?
A) in the urinary bladder
B) in the spleen
C) in the kidney tubules
D) in the liver

In compact bone, the delicate canals that extend between one lacunae to another are called
A) canaliculi.
B) transverse canals.
C) lamellae.
D) Haversian canals.
E) central canals.

Which of the primary tissue types is the most abundant and the most variable?
A) epithelial tissue
B) nervous tissue
C) muscle tissue
D) connective tissue

Which of the following tissue types respond quickly to changes in the membrane potential?
A) skeletal muscle
B) nervous tissue
C) cardiac muscle
D) All of the above.

his excitable tissue is characterized by having intercalated discs and striations.
A) skeletal muscle
B) cardiac muscle
C) glial cells
D) smooth muscle

If the secretory cells of an exocrine gland form a dilated sac, the gland is called a(n) ________ gland.
A) serous
B) compound
C) acinar
D) tubular

Cells that are undifferentiated and have not yet begun to perform specialized functions are known as
A) plasma cells.
B) mast cells.
C) fibroblasts.
D) stem cells.

How many different types of cells exist within the human body?
A) 50
B) 150
C) 100
D) 200

Mesoderm differentiates directly into which of the following types of embryonic tissue?
A) cartilage
B) mesenchyme
C) immature muscle
D) bone

This tissue type has a mesodermal origin.
A) glands in the digestive tract
B) squamous epithelium
C) neurons
D) columnar epithelium
E) skeletal muscle

The material that lies between an epithelium and its underlying connective tissue is called
A) matrix.
B) basement membrane.
C) mucous membrane.
D) collagen layer.
E) endothelium.

Transitional epithelium is found in the
A) palms of the hands.
B) sweat gland ducts.
C) urinary tract.
D) ovarian follicles.
E) integument.

The simple squamous epithelium lining the circulatory system is called
A) keratinized epithelium.
B) endothelium.
C) transitional epithelium.
D) mesothelium.

Which of the following substances are secreted by plasma cells?
A) antibodies
B) heparin
C) histamine
D) collagen fibers

Collagen fibers are found in all of the following locations except
A)tendons.
B)transitional epithelium.
C)bone.
D)cartilage.

From the contents of this tissue, one can produce a great amount of ATP.
A) adipose tissue
B) areolar connective tissue
C) neutrophils
D) hyaline cartilage
E) dense fibrous connective tissue

Which of the following is a description of a tight junction?
A) "spot weld" between two cells
B) pattern of complementary grooves and ridges in the membranes of two adjacent cells
C) a water-filled channel formed by six membrane proteins connecting adjacent cells
D) None of the above.

The external surface of the stomach is covered by
A) the parietal peritoneum.
B) a basement membrane.
C) a lamina propria.
D) a serosa.
E) a mucosa.

Which of these is a primary germ layer?
A)   epidermis
B) epithelium
C) mucosa
D) endothelium
E) ectoderm

A seminiferous tubule of the testis is lined with epithelium.
A) transitional
B) pseudostratified columnar ciliated
C) stratified cuboidal
D) simple cuboidal
E) stratified squamous

                         prevent fluids from seeping between epithelial cells.
A) Glycosaminoglycans
B) Basement membranes
C) Tight junctions
D) Hemidesmosomes
E) Communicating junctions

A fixative serves to
A) bind epithelial cells together.
B) bind cardiac myocytes together.
C) improve contrast.
D) stop tissue decay.
E) repair a damaged tissue.

The collagen of areolar tissue is produced by
A) leukocytes.
B) fibroblasts.
C) mast cells.
D) chondrocytes.
E) macrophages.

Tendons are composed of connective tissue.
A) areolar
B) yellow elastic
C) skeletal
D) dense regular
E) dense irregular

The shape of the external ear is due to
A) articular cartilage.
B) fibrocartilage.
C) hyaline cartilage.
D) elastic cartilage.
E) skeletal muscle.

The most abundant formed element(s) of blood is/are
A) plasma.
B) proteins.
C) leukocytes.
D) platelets.
E) erythrocytes.

Any form of pathological tissue death is called __________

The simple squamous epithelium that lines the peritoneal cavity is called __________.

Osteocytes and chondrocytes occupy little cavities called __________

Muscle cells and axons are often called __________ because of their shape.

Tendons and ligaments are made mainly of the protein __________

The only type of muscle that lacks gap junctions is __________.

An epithelium rests on a layer called the __________ between its deepest cells and the underlying connective tissue.

Fibers and ground substance make up the __________ of a connective tissue.

A/An __________ adult stem cell can differentiate into two or more mature cell types.

Any epithelium in which every cell touches the basement membrane is called a/an __________ epithelium.

The esophagus is protected from abrasion by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

True/False
True False

All cells of a pseudostratified columnar epithelium contact the basement membrane.

True/False
True False

Not all skeletal muscle is attached to bones.

True/False
True False

The stroma of a gland does not secrete anything.

True/False
True False

In all connective tissues, the matrix occupies more space than the cells do.

True/False
True False

Adipocytes are limited to adipose tissue.

True/False
True False

Tight junctions function primarily to prevent cells from pulling apart

True/false
True False

Metaplasia is a normal, healthy tissue transformation but neoplasia is not.

True/False
True False

Nerve and muscle cells are not the body's only electrically excitable cells.

True/False
True False

Cartilage is always covered by a fibrous perichondrium.

True/False
True False