law psych

• future offense
• civil - oneself or others
• criminal - sexual offence

• during sentencing
• release

• ideographic (individual)
• qualitative (subjective)
• focus on individual risk
• easy
• inwxpensive
• flexible
• adaptable
• consider rare and important statistics
• reweigh infomation on case info

• no consistancy
• lack of transparency
• broad
• low validity
• unclear foundation
• limited evidence

• nomothetic
• quantitative
• VRAG
• GSIR
• ICT

• algorithmic objective
• accurate
• professional through formulaic approach
• pre determined risk factors
• set of structured rules
• asess personal dispositons
• depression bipolar borderline personaliy disorder
• predictive

• empiricak
• consistancy
• transparent

• disregard factor
• less useful in other populations
• focus on risk factors

• time and effort
• not useful for all types of populations

• clinical and actuarial
• same set of risk factor
• own professional experience to balace actualrial prediction

• o  
• past violent
• behavior

• o  
• young age

• o  
•  relationship instability

• o  
•  employment instability

• o  
•  Substance use

• o  
• major mental
• disorder

• o  
•  psychopathy

• o  
• early home or
• school maladjustment

• o  
• personality
• disorder

• o  
•  violations of conditional release

• o  
•  escapes or attempted escapes from
• incarceration

• o  
•  lack of insight

• o  
• negative
• attitudes

• o  
•  personality states

• o  
•  psychiatric symptomatology;

• o  
• behavioral and
• affective instability;

• o  
• unresponsiveness
• to treatment;

• o  
• lack of
• feasible release plan

• o  
• access to
• victims, weapons

• o  
•  drugs

• o  
• alcohol;

• o  
• lack of support
• and supervision

• o  
•  noncompliance with medication or other treatment

 and stress.

• actuarial
• appraisal guide VRAG
• violence prediction scheme VPS

• hcr- 20
• spousal assault risk assessment SARA
• sexuak violence risk SVR-20

• assist evaluator ti reach
• decision
• specifies process for info gathering
• clinical judgement
• consistant
• structured
• flexible

required exensive training and professional discretion

• psychopathy
• link with violent behavior and psychopathic personality disorder

• nature, type
• seriousness
• frequency
• imminence
• likelihood
• probability

• reduce violent probability
• through
• describing conditions
• sentence
• release
• interview,review

indefnite confinement i  of high risk to reoffend

• affective, interpersonal
• clinical issue
• informal and formal consideration

• psychopathy as lacking emotional responsiveness
• no sense of shame
• manipulative
• irresponsible
• inadequately motivated
• APD similar
• interpersonal affective

fake symtoms of psych

• honest and sincere
• require formal assessment

informal- close scrunity

• psychiatric
• mental disorder

• cognitive impairment
• memory or mental impairment

• -         
• Glib

• -         
• Grandiose

• -         
•  Callous

• -         
• Remorseless

• -         
• Reckless

• -         
• Manipulative

• -         
•  Impulsive

• -         
•  Dishonest

• -         
•  parasitic,

• influence offenders decisions
• collective influence of individual thing or elements
• avg correlation with crime

do not change over time

change overtime but do not influence outcome

change over time and influence

• outcome identifiation
• decision
• cost- benefit analysis

prevent crime by influencing risk and protective factors

• gather info in decision making
• assess past actions of offenders
• current funtionality
• future action

• why choose to commit crime
• evaluate for characteristic of probibility for future crime

• interview , observe
• testing of psychological . medical
• review of records
• interview with family and friends

• crime prevention
• reduce future crime
• public safety
• consistant results
• prescriptive
• identifly, evaluate, prioritize mental health, social service and criminal justice to manage offender
• open
• transparent
• good assessment does not cause offender to commit crime
• public and offender to scrutinize assessment
• obvious when improper asessment is conducted

• actuarial
• professional judgement
• anamnesticc
• structured professional judgement

• specific data
• structured samples of behavior to measure personal disposition
• mechanical and algorithmic
• quantifly individual standing
• transparent
• consistient decisions with tests

• con
• needs discretion with psych test
• appropriate in case or not
• single test does not constitute to comprehensive evaluation
• limited info for management and tactics
• professional efforts on passive crime prediction

• precision for speciic outcome in specific population in time
• rational
• empirical
• liklihood of future crime
• transparent

• con
• estimate absolute
• time and effort
• easy to accord too much weight
• do not provide necessary infomation to understand error

• unstructured
• intuitive experimental
• common
• adaptable
• efficient
• minimal
• people centered

• limit
• no proof that inuitive decisons are consistant among professionals or are helpful

patients personal history as a linked event that lead to crime

understand way to break chain

• history is repeatable
• flexible
• inexpensive
• adaptable
• ideograpic account of rare info

• lack of consistancy transparency
• low validity

• state of discipline with scientific knowlege
• core risk factors
• qualifications of conducting assessment

• structured professional judgment SPJ
• guidelines that assist the assessment and management of risk for general criminality
• variety of correctional profesionals

• limit
• simple definition of risk
• cant predict specific risk of crime severity or time periods

• ignores antisocial behavior risk factors
• drugcrime
• child abuse
• exploitation
• intimate partner violence
• sexual
• stalking
• gang
• political terroism

• low attention to mental and sexual disorder
• for generic male offender sterotype

sexual crime

sexual offence used with LSI

used with LSI

• monitoring
• treatment
• supervison
• victim safetly planing

• repeated assessment
• change in risk over time
• surveillance over control
• not intrusive
• minor contact with offender
• face to face
• field visit
• polygraphic
• drug test
• inspection of communication

• rebilitative serice
• psychosocial adjustment
• training programs on interpersonal anger and  vocational skills

• change attitudes toward crime
• individual or group psychotherapy
• chemical dependency programs
• psychoactive medications
• antipsychotics
• mood stabilizers

• restriction of rights and freedoms
• incapacitation
• institutionalizm
• expensive
• may promote antisocial disorder

restrictions such as house arrest, travel bans

• security of potential victims
• targeted violence

person may be admitted to hospital if patient needs medical treatment carem supervison

denied bail if is risk to community

• person is dangerous offener if sentenced for indeterminate period
• serious personal injury
• threat to life, safety or physical or mental well- being

• serious personal injury offence
• indictable offence

• use or attempt of violence against person
• endanger or likely to
• safety of others
• severe psych damage
• 10+ sentence
• sexual assault

• long term offender suject of supervison of less than 10 years after incarceration
• 2+ year with reoffend risk

• detain less than 2 year sentence
• conviced with federal sentence until appeal expires
• outstanding charges or transfer
• administrative or legal reasons

major mental illness and need for short term urget intervention

• federal institution
• 2+ year

• suicide risk
• harm to others

• determine
• security level needed
• intensity of treatment
• chances of recidivism

• parole- conditioned release from federal sentence 
• probation - conditional release from provincial sentence

• reoffend risk
• 1/3 of sentence eligible to apply
• unless there was min sentence 1st degree murder

 

must be released after 2/3 of sentence unless crown establish reason why

psych institution= no risk to reoffend

• reliable - repeated by multiple judges
• transparent - explicit and can be scrutinized by other professionals

• likelihood to commit violent acts
• interventions (mental health, social servie, criminal justice )

• childhood
• social instability
• delinquency
• school malajustment
• verbal, physical altercations

• adulthood
• inability to secure or retain job
• failure to maintain relationship

large social network = more threats of violence

• violence as a reaction to percieved agressiveness by others
• larger network= more likely to occur

relationship between substance abuse and violence due to :

• anti social peers
• violence as necessary to support drug habit
• drug and alcohol as disinhibitor
• drugs or alcohol as a nerve calmer before violent act

• relationship between mental disorder and violence not strong unless mental illness  is accompanied
• co-morbid substance abuse problem

• violence 5X in population that met dsm-iii axis 1 diagnosis
• mental disorder higher in jail and prison
• not all mental disorder(depression. ) = violence

schizophrenia and mania highly associated with violence

• threat/control override (TCO)
• rationality within irrationality
• mental illness override personal control
• create context for those to act violently
• more likely to act violent that people without TCO symptoms

• tco 2.9 more likely to ingage in violence 18yrs and up
• 86%with major mental disorder + TCO+ substance abuse = violence
• 63%with major mental disorder + TCO = violence
• 39% major mental disorder= violence
• 17% with no symtoms = violence

personality disorder = higher chances of violence

• particular APD
• apd as behavioral and lacks affective and interpersonal qualities of psychopathy

• apd prisoners have
• juvenile arrest record
• younger in first sentence
• more convictions

• sexual paraphillia, arousal to objects, situations or activities that are outside normal
• high among sexual offenders

• sexual preference for children = strong relationship to future secual re-offending
• no association between sexual devience and non-seual violence

• sexual deviants with psychopathy at higher risk for reoffending
• sexual deviance as small indicator of sexual offence

• explanations to given situations and persons
• increased risk of violence in the future
• young offenders tend to interpret others behaior as hostile
• agression as legit and increase self esteem
• fail to understand violence on victim
• attribute cause of their violence to external factors

• anger, hostility, impulsivity (lack of control over behaviour+ cognition)
• barratt - prisoners scored higher on his scale of impulsivity

• intraspecies predators who use charm, manipulation,
• intimidation, and violence to control others and to satisfy their own selfish
• needs. Lacking in conscience and in feelings for others, they cold-bloodedly
• take what they want and do as they please, violating social norms and
• expectations without the slightest sense of guilt or regret

arrogant and deceitful interpersonal (superficial, egocentric, manipulative )

• deficient affective experience
• (shallow, callous, lacks remorse )

• impulsive and irresponsible behavior
• (impulsive sensation seeking, lacks goals )

• young offenders
• mentally ill patients
• non-mentally ill patients
• sex offenders

psychopaths direct violence towards male strangers for revenge and retribution

nonpsychopaths direct violence towards female family for emotional

reactive violence even among all violent offenders

intrumental violence for gain higher among high PCL-R (psychopathy checklist revised)

• high density
• more crimes commited
• verbal and physical violence

• 10-25 % of prisoner high in pcl - r
• psychopath and apd

• higher and faster among psychopaths
• hare
•  high pcl-r recidivated 82% , 38% violent recidivated
•  lower pcl-r recidivated 40%, 3% violent

38

• cognitive schema - interpret as more hostile
• biochemical neurological genetic - impulsivity
• lack of emotional restraint - no empathy , fear ,or guilt

• less motivated for treatment
• disruptive behavior
• highr conviction rate after treatment
• no successful treatment for psychopaths

psychological theory and research to correctional system

• short term facilities
• charged but not yet onvicted
• pre- trial
• short incarcerations
• fewer treatment options

identification of problems available  to majority  (mental illness, suicide risk, adjustment problems, medication dispensing )

• sentence of one year or greater
• psychotropic medication
• behavioral/ cognitive treatments
• maximum security hospitals
• special sections of regular hospitals

• pretrial release
• arrested or charged with criminal offenses
• released to await trial
• waiting for sentening

• conditional sentence
• criminal offense
• more serious that community service
• less serious than imprisonmet
• fixed 6-several years
• strict compare to bail
• alcohol ban, ban of criminal association

• conditional release from imprisonmemt
• readjustment to community
• weeks to years

• birth in ww2
• 1953 aacfp
• 1970 criminal justice behavior
• standards for psychology services in adult jails and prisons

• protection of public safety
• individual and general deterrence
• detained and supervised in safe and just manner

• rehabilitative goals
• service to help offenders become law abiding and productive members of society

• impulsivity
• antisocial attitudes
• educational
• vocational problems
• substance abuse
• anger
• disturbed family relationship

protection of society by encouraging offenders to become law-abiding citizens while exercising reasonable safe secure and human control

• protecting society
• law-abiding citizens
• incarceration is reasonable, humane, and safe

• respect dignity of individuals
• rights of all members of society
• human growth and development
• become law -abiding citizen
• sharing of idea, knolwdge, values, experience, nationally and internationally .
• openness, integrity,

• treatment to increase his/her chances of successful reintergration
• reduce offender's risk to reoffend
• factors that are correlated with offending
• treatment of mental illness

• sentences by courts through safe and humane custody and supervision of offenders
• rehabilitaiton of offenders
• reintergration into community

• schizophrenia
• depression
• mania
• bipolar disorder
• 6X more likely than non- MDO to report violent behavior
• mental disorder defines status and seen as the cause of criminal behavior
• focus of intervention
• significant impairment in inmates social functioning
• rates of mental illness in correctional population are significantly higher
• mental illness in correctional population are significantly higher

• contributing factor
• psychotic disorder 10%

• moderate mental disorder 15-40%
• depression
• anxiety

substance abuse 90%

focus on general recidivism

• substance abuse = not suffering from mental disorder
• small role
• mental illness not a treatment target
• behavioral and cognitive approaches
• social skill traning
• behavioral oriented therapy
• relapse prevention

• different forms of treatment are effective for different problems
• reduction of mental illness
• criminal recidivism
• both symptoms of mental disorder and criminal behavior

• active psychotic symptoms
• aggression
• problems of institutional adjustment
• criminal propensity
• depression
• life skills deficts
• social withdrawal
• substance abuse

• changeable variables
• antisocial attitudes , thought patterns
• procriminal associates
• personality factors
• learn self control
• change attitudes to become more prosocial
• associate with noncriminal individuals are more effective in reducing the probability that individual will commit crime in high risk treatment
• match treatment with ability to relate

• specific behaviors of the offender
• sequence of events or patterns that lead to criminal behavior
• reduce probability that will lead to violence

• behavior treatment
• skills training
• pharmacological

• behaviour- oriented treatment
• skills training

• behavioural treatment -
• social competence
• small proportion of MDO
• various treatment programs

• nonbehavioral psychotherapy -little empirical evidence
• pharmacological- reduce sex drive
• behavioral, cognitive - behavioral therapy

• pharmacotherapy reduce sex drive
• sex drive and reduced reoffending less clear
• monitor
• case  management

• behavior and cognitive
• normalize deviant preference
• social competence

• behavioral
• relapse prevention

positive social learning promote pro-social behavior over punishment

• pre and post- treatment
• 3-6 month
• 40-60 % time

• control structure
• clear staff responsibilities
• monitored

• crim thinking and attitudes
• lifestyle
• friends
• aubstance abuse
• anger
• agression

• relevant to offener
• vary needs
• responsivity
• reentry
• new stressors= relationships

• 1 risk
• target people according to risk

• 2 need
• attack personal needs
• characteristics the needs the most atteniton

• 3 responsitivity
• consistant with offender level

effectiveness of treatment depend on rnr principles

• up to 10% recidivism if ignore
• lead to routine evaluation of treatment programs
• help correctional psych practice in rational and reasonable manner

• ,17 instutional
• .35 community

• -.1 instititutional
• -.02 community

only on typical male offenders

not sec , serious violent, female with mental

• too much on recidivism
• no prosocial
• too much ethics of control

• expansion of rnr
• goals of offender
• neglect of primary goods
• ineffective strategies
• conflict strategies
• 35-40 sessions of 8-10 persons

• rehab to decrease recidivism
• behavioral
• crim needs of offender
• plan
• monitor
• prosocial

outpatients halfway houses

• one authority
• uniform system
• network of community

• rights of individual
• needs of treatment
• safety of community

causal