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lesion in primary visual area
occipital lobe (17)
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Visual agnosia
lesion in visual association area (18 & 19)
can't recognize objects your looking at.
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lesion in primary motor cortex (4)
paralysis- contralateral side
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lesion in premotor area (6)
response preservation- can't complete actions
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lesion in Broca's area (44 & 45)
expressive aphasia- loss of ability to produce language (written or spoken)
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Lesion in Wernicke's (22)
Wernicke's aphasia- receptive aphasia- can speak normally but don't understand what's told to them in writing or speech.
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Angular gyrus lesion
obj. naming aphasia
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Lesion in somatosensory association area (5 & 7)
Asterognosis (tactile agnosia)- don't understand what you touch
primary somatosensory(1,2,3)
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lesion in heschl's gyrus (41 & 42)
hearing deficit (can occur by stroke)
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Prefrontal association area lesions
- Multimodal association area
- -inability to plan for future
- -Response preservation- can't complete actions
- -Irresponsible behavior
- -Changes in personality
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Inferior Parietal association area lesion (39 & 40)
- Multimodal association area
- -Gerstman's syndrome- left sided inferior parietal lobe damage
- -finger agnosia
- -confusion over right and left
- -inability to write or do arithmetic
- -obj. naming deficits
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Inferior Temporal association area lesion(20 & 21)
- Multimodal association area
- -loss of memory for stories, events, other length language sequences
- -in damage is to hippocampus then cannot make new memories
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Anosognosia
denial of deficit
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Prosopagnosia
face blindness- can only recognize people from their voices.
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damage to hippocampus
inability to form new declarative memories
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hydrocephalus
water brain- build up of CSF b/c defects in arachnoid villa
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dysraphisms
neural tube defects, Tx-folic acid 1 month prior, alfa feta protein and ultrasound
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Anencephaly
partial brain, major portion of neural tissue remains joined to skin bin in ireland an wales,
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crainum bifidum
anterior tube closure failure, improper induction, posteriro portions of skull no form
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Encephalocele
posterior herniation, infants severely retarded, short life, if mild life and intelligence ok
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Spina bifida
posterior neural tube closer failure, neural tube does not properly induce formation of vertebrae
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Spina bifida occulta
spinal cord not properly form in SOME vertebra, (Low lumbar), tuft of hair
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Spina bifida cystica
- 3 types
- -meningocele-meningial herniation
- -myelomeningocele-meningies and cord herniation
- -myeloschisis-incomplete dev, of spinal cord and it's joined to skin open to environment
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Holoprosencephally
telencephalic division in 5th week, SINGLE forebrain, cyclops, one nostril, decreasing severity--> midline facial deficits, single midline central incisor CAUSE-SHh mutation or maternal alcoholism.
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microcephaly vera
inherited autosomal recessive,
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lissencephaly
smooth brain (lack in # of fissures)
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pachygyria
unusually thick gyri
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heterotopias
neurons in abnormal places
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ADD/ Tourettes
Excess synaptogenesis, (adult pruning can help)
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Schizophernia
25% loss in synapses by puberty most only lose 15% in adulthood
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Autism
INSUFFICIENT synaptic pruning, unusually large head.
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agnosia-
- loss of ability to recognize and interpret sensory experiences,
- visual, auditory, tactile (asteregnosis), prospopagnosia (can't recognize face), anosognoisa(fails to recognize deficit)
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Apraxia
non paralized, and can't engage in motor actions involving use of obj. or jestures
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