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Prototype Nonselective adrenergic agonist
Epinephrine
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Prototype alpha 1 adrenergic agonist
Phenylephrine
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Prototype alpha 2 adrenergic agonist
Clonidine
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Prototype beta adrenergic agonist
Dopamine
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Prototype beta 1 agonist
Albuterol
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Prototype dopaminergic agonist
Fenoldopam
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Prototype Alpha antagonist
Prazosin
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Prototype beta blocker
Metoprolol
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Sympathetic/ Adrenergic system responsible for Fight or flight will :
- Increased heart rate
- dilate pupils
- mobilize energy
- redirect bloodflow from nonessential organs to skeletal muscles
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Postganglionic neurotransmitter that is produced and store in the presynaptic nerve terminals of the SNS
Norepinephrine
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Hormone converted from norepinephrine in the adrenal Medulla, also known as adrenaline
Epinephrine
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Epinephrine was stimulate all adrenergic receptors except
Dopaminergic
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______ receptors are less sensitive to epinephrine so it's initial response will Be to _______stimulation
Alpha and Beta
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Alpha-1 receptors are found in
Eyes, blood vessels, bladder, male sex organs, prostatic capsule
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Alpha-2 receptors are found In
Presynaptic nerve terminals
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Beta-1 receptors are found in
Primarily the heart, and kidneys
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Beta-2 receptors are found in
Arterioles of the heart, lungs, skeletal muscles, bronchi, uterus, liver
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Alpha-1 is responsible for
Vasoconstriction of coronary arteries and veins and decrease smooth muscle motility in the G.I. tract
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Alpha-2 receptors are responsible for
Shutting down the release of norepinephrine
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Beta-1 receptors are responsible for
Increase cardiac output by increasing the speed of conduction, increasing the force of contraction, and increasing the pulse rate
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Beta-2 receptors are responsible for
Dilation to promote breathing, creating energy from the breakdown of that stored in fat tissue also known as lipolysis, or from providing glucose to the cells through new creation of glucose (gluconeogenesis) or the breakdown of glycogen into glucose
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Beta three receptors are responsible for
help break down fats in fact issues for imaging heat and plays a major role in regulation of weight but also causes tremors that's making pharmacologically unuseful at this time
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Alpha-1 and beta-1 receptors response to what type of stimuli
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine
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Alpha-2 and beta-2 receptors response to what type of stimuli
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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Many dopamine receptors are located where
In the kidneys. and in low amounts dopamine Binds with vascular and renal receptors dilating blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the renal, mesenteric, and coronary heart
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As dopamine increases, beta-1 receptors are stimulated. Dopamine in highest concentrations act on alpha-1 receptors.
Info
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There are 5 types of dopamine receptors and only two mediate responses in the Adrenergic nervous system, what are those two?
Dopamine one and dopamine two
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Stimulation of dopamine one and dopamine two receptors results in ________ ;however stimulating both receptors may have either complementary or opposing effects
Peripheral vasodilation
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_________ Is a dopamine one agonist in the prototype for dopaminergic agonist drugs
Fenoldopam
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Fenoldopam is use in the hospital for short-term management of what disease
Severe hypertension
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Fenoldopam is contradicted in patients with what issues
Hypersensitivity to sulfites, history of glaucoma or intraocular hypertension, Hypokalemia because fenoldopam may reduce serum potassium with administrative for more than six hours. Also is given cautiously in the patients with acute cerebral infarction or hemorrhage just because it may call hypotension
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When giving Fenoldapam
Should be diluted with sodium chloride or dextrose, titrated, and monitored closely
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Prazosin is used to treat what diseases
- CHF
- Raynaud vasospasms
- prostatic outflow obstruction
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Prazosin blocks postsynaptic alpha-1 adrenergic recepotrs and lowers what two blood pressures
supine and standing
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You should not use Prazosin in what contrindicated populations
- Hypersensitivy
- pts. with angina because hypotension may worsen the condition
- CHF or renal failure
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Light headedness, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, weakness, lethargy, nausea, and palpitations are all adverse effects of what drug.
Prazosin
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Symptomatic hypotension, tachycardia, adbominal or back pain, GI effects, sweating, and CNS effects such as insomnia, dizziness, nervousness, or anxiety are all adverse efeects of _______________
Fenoldopam
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___________ is used for the treatment of hypertensio, angina, and controlled CHF
Metoprolol
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Pharmacodynamics of Metoporol is?
decreases cardiac output, blood pressure, and slows atrioventricular conduction and suppression of automaticity
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enteral route uses _______ for the ingestion and absorption of drugs.
GI tract
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Parenteral route, which includes topical as a sub classification, distrubutes drugs how?
By bypassing the GI tract in forms of injections and topical appliance to skin or mucous membranes
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Most drug absortption occurs where?
small intestines
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Desired therapeutic effect of the drug is called?
pharmacotherapeutics
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what is phatmacokinetics?
the changes that occur to the drug while it is inside the body
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Pharmacodynamics is _____________
the effects of the drug on the body
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What are effects that may occur when the drug is given along with another drug, food, or substance?
drug interactions
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Core patient variables are:
- health status
- life span and gender
- lifestyle, diet, and habits
- environment
- culture and inherited traits
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Pre clincal trials are designed
to provide basic safety, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic, and intial efficay data about the drug and are carried out in animal subjects in the laboratory setting
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