Alcamo's Ch 3

What are the 4 steps in the formation of a biofilm?

A living organism's attempt to maintain a stable internal state is known as what?

Membrane enclosed compartments in Eukaryotic cells are called ___.

Based on several chemical & biochemical differences, ___ developed a three domain system for classification.

Woese's 3 domain system broke prokaryotes into ___ & ___ & placed what 4 kingdoms into Eukarya?

An organism's species name consists of what 2 parts?

The ____ is used to measure dimensions of bacterial, ptrotozoal & fungal cell while the ____ is commonly used to express viral sizes.

The instrument most widely used to observe microorganisms is the ___ ___.

In a light microscope, light passes thru several lens systems that ___ & ___ the object being observed.

The ability of a microscope to transmit light w/o variation & allow closely spaced objects to be clearly distinguished is known as ____ ____.

A ____ is a complex, metabolically cooperative community made up of peacefully coexisting bacterial species.

The ability of bacteria to sense their numbers & then communicate & coordinate behavior, including gene expression, via signaling molecules.

What is bioremediation?

Define metabolism.

Protein synthesis is accomplished by the ____ according to genetic instructions received fr DNA

Bacterial cells have a ___,___ DNA molecule w/o an ___ ___ where as eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes enclosed by membrane env in nuc.

Although protein synthesis is the same, structurally bacterial ribosomes are ____ ___ their counterparts in eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic & bacterial cells have subcellular compartments. In eukaryotes they are called ___ but in bacteria they are ___ ___or ___ ___.

Eukaryotes utilize an endomembrane sys to transport protein & lipid cargo. Bacteria however utilize ____ surrounded by a ___ shell for this purpose.

A process called ___ ___ converts chem energy into cellular energy for cellular work

Cell Resp occurs in mitochondria & chloroplasts in eukaryotes, but bacteria & archaea lack mitochondria so it occurs where?

The eukaryotic cytoskeleton composed of microfilaments fr the centrosome gives cell structure & assists w/moving materials around the cell. How does the bacterial version compare?

Cell motility is bacterial cells is accomplished by Bacterial ___ & in eukaryotes it is accomplished by Eukaryotic ___or ___.

T or F Water balance is accomplished by the same structure in both Bacteria & Eukaryotes. What structure accomplishes this task?

Linnaeus IDed living organisms according to similarities & placed them in what 2 kingdoms?

In 1990, it became clear that kingdom Monera contained 2 fundamentally unrelated grps that ____ initially called what?

What is taxonomy?

The 3 domain sys proposed by Carl Woese was based on what & what were they?

What is the term given to the evolutionary hx of a species or grp of species?

Populations or grps of individuals having the same genotype are called ___.

What are antibodies?

Visible light is projected thru a condenser lens & focused into sharp cone. Light then passes thru the stage, hits slide & is reflected or refracted as it passes thru the specimen & enters the obj lens to form magnified intermediate image. This type of microscopy is known as. . . .

____ refers to the increase in the apparent size of the specimen being observed.

Why is the light microscope called a compound microscope?

Total magnification is equal to what?

The ___ of ___ is a measure of light bending ability of a medium.

Why do we stain bacterial cells?

The lens we look through is called the ___ lens.

The image we see just below the ocular lens is called what?

The lens that is direct at the specimen is called the ___ lens.

The condenser is located where?

Heat fixation does what 3 things?

What are the steps in the simple stain technique?

Why is basic dye attracted to cell walls & cytoplasm?

What is one example or basic (cationic) dye?

What 3 pieces of info can be provided by contrasting blue cells against a bright background (simple stain technique)

In the simple stain technique the cells are stained w/basic (cationic) dye however in the neg stain technique ___ (___) dye is used & the ____ is stained.

What is the procedure for negative staining?

What are 2 examples of acidic (anionic) dyes?

Why is the background stained on the negative stain technique?

The negative stain technique provides cells that are less shriveled & distorted than simple stain. Why?

In Gram stain technique red bacteria is (pos/neg) & violet bacteria is (pos/neg).

What is the counter stain in Gram stain technique?

In Gram stain technique, cells are stained w/ ___ ___ & Gram's ___ solution & washed w/a ___.

What are the steps in Gram stain technique after smears are air dried & heat fixed?

Prior to adding safranin in Gram staining technique, Gram-neg cells will appear ____ & Gram-pos cells will appear ____.

What are the 2 differential staining techniques we learned?

What staining technique is used to ID members of the genus Mycobacterium?

Why would we utilize the acid fast technique?

What is the special feature of a phase-contrast light microscope?

What objects are best observed w/a phase contrast light microscope?

How do objects appear when viewed through a phase-contrast light microscope?

What is the special feature of a dark-field light microscope?

How do objects appear when viewed w/a dark-field light microscope?

Hat objects are best observed w/a dark-field light microscope?

What is the special feature of a Fluorescence Light microscope?

How do objects appear when they are viewed thru a fluorescence light microscope?

Hat objects are best viewed w/a fluorescence light microscope?

What is the special feature of a transmission electron microscope?

How do objects appear when viewed w/a transmission electron microscope?

What objects are best observed w/a transmission electron microscope & what is the magnification range?

What electron microscope utilizes short-wavelength electron beams to knock loose electron showers?

Surfaces & textures of microorganisms & cell components are best viewed w/a ___ electron microscope.

What is the term that describes the ability of organisms to maintain a stable internal state?

Which on the following is NOT an organizational pattern common to all organisms (A. genetic organization/ B. protein synthesis/ C. compartmentation/ D. Microcompartments)?

Which is NOT found in bacterial cells (A. ribosomes/ B. DNA/ C. mitochondria/ D. Cytoplasm)

Who is considered the father of modern taxonomy?

___ was first used to catalog organisms into one of three domains.

What is the name of the genus that causes syphilis?

Several classes of organisms would be classified into one ___.

An important method used for the rapid ID of a pathogen is ___.

Most bacterial cells are measured using what metric sys of length?

Resolving power is the ability of a microscope to what?

B/f bacteria cells are simple stained & observed w/the light microscope they must be what 3 things?

If you want to study bacterial motility you would most likely use what type of microscope?

If you wanted to study the surface of a bacterial cell, you would use what type of microscope?