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Job design
The way the elements in a job are organized
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Job characteristics model (JCM)
- A model that proposes that any job can be described in terms of five core job dimensions
- Skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback
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Skill variety
The degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities
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Task identity
The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work
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Task significance
The degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people
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Autonomy
The degree to which a job provides substantial freedom and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to but used in carrying it out
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Feedback
The degree to which carrying out the work activities required by a job results in the individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance
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Motivating potential score (MPS)
A predictive index that suggests the motivating potential in a job
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Job rotation
The periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another
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Job enrichment
The vertical expansion of jobs, which increases the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work
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Flextime
Flexible work hours
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Job sharing
An arrangement that allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hours/week job
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Telecommuting
Working from home at least 2 days a week on a computer that is linked to the employer’s office
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Employee involvement
A participative process that uses the input of employees and is intended to increase employee commitment to an org’s success
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Participative management
A process in which subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate supervisors
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Representative participation
A system in which workers participate in org decision making through a small group of representative employees
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Variable-pay program
A pay plan that bases a portion of an employee’s pay on some individual and/or org measure of performance
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Piece-rate pay plan
A pay plan in which workers are paid a fixed sum for each unit of production completed
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Merit-based pay plan
A pay plan based on performance appraisal ratings
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Bonus
A pay plan that rewards employees for recent performance rather than historical performance
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Skill-based pay
A pay plan that sets pay levels on the basis of how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do
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Profit-sharing plan
An org-wide program that distributes compensation based on some established formula designed around a company’s profitability
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Gainsharing
A formula-based group incentive plan
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Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)
A company-established benefits plan in which employees acquire stock, often at below-market prices, as part of their benefits
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Flexible benefits
A benefits plan that allows each employee to put together a benefits package individually tailored to his or her own needs and situation
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