chapter 4 chem

boxes (or circles) represent the orbitals containing electrons

 when an atom is "built up" by placing the electrons of an atom in the sublevels in order of increasing energy

includes hydrogen, helium and the elements in group 1A and group 2A

consists of the elements in group 3A to group 8A

first appear after calcium with the ten columns of elements of the transition metals

includes all the elements in the two rows at the bottom of the periodic table

electrons in the outermost energy levels are called

indicates the number of valence electrons for the elements in each vertical column

group 1A has how many valence electrons?Group 2A? Group 7A?

distance from the nucleus to the valence electrons is called

typically decrease from left to right on the periodic table

change only slightly because electrons are adding to inner d sublevels

the energy needed  to remove the least tightly bound electron from an atom in the gaseous state is called

forms when an electron is removed from a neutral atom

the ionization energy generally decreases

going across a period from left to right

one or more dots representing the valence electron of an atom are written along side the atomic symbol of an elements

result from the formation of chemical bonds between two or more differnet elements

electrons are transferred from atoms of metals to atoms of nonmetals

form between atoms of nonmetals and valence electrons are shared

in both ionic and convalent compounds, the atoms tend to acquire the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas

atoms form compounds by

the valence electrons of a metal are tranferred to a nonmetal

because the ionization energies of metals of groups 1A,2A,3A are low

number of valence electrons in the electron configuration of a noble gas

electrical charge

cation

negatively charged ions

consists of postive and negatice ions

ions are held together by strong elctrical attractions between the opposite charges

bond in which the attraction between the ions is very strong, which makes the melting points of ionic compounds high

indicates the number and kinds of ions that make up the ionic compound

the sum of the ionic charges in the formula of an ionic compound

Transition metal in Group B and the representative metals in Group 4A also form

when a group of atom have acquired an electrical charge

most polyatomic ions consist of nonmetals such as

most common polyatomic anions end in

bending of light

energy levels are assigned the value of a positive integar called

shells

sublevel

formula for max number of electrons per shell

what is the max number of electrons per shell in levels 1-4?

region of the greatest probabilty of finding an electron is called

shows the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus in energy levels is called

the electrons in the outer most energy level of an atom. Responsible for the properties of that element is called

how do you find the number of valence electron?

what indicates the number of atoms of an element

pure substance composed of 2 or more elements, with a definit composistion

a compound is

all metals give

nonmetals

- ion

nonmetals gain electrons and form

metals lose e- and form

ends in ide

if only has dots then it an

if has a charge then it is an

difference between the number of protons and the number of electron, written in the upper right corner of the symbol for the ion