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Describe the function of the photo cell detector with respect to the combustion control system.
Provides the voltage signal for sustained burner ignition.
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Why do we shut the manually operated fuel valves prior to performing any work on an automatically fired auxiliary boiler?
To prevent uncontrolled fuel leaks.
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What happens when a component fails in the flame safeguard control for an automatically fired auxiliary boiler?
Boiler will shut down and automatic restart will be prevented.
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How does the flame scanner output at high fire compare to its output at low fire?
Output voltage is proportional to flame size.
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What could happen to the feed pump suction if the feed water is to hot?
Loss of suction.
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A successful prepurge is dependant upon what two components?
Damper position and airflow.
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Describe what happens to the flame of an automatic boiler when the steam pressure is higher than the normal operating band.
Fuel valve will shut causing the flame to go out.
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If a boiler is equipped with a low level probe sensor, what will happen if the water level drops below the level of the low level probe?
Fuel valve will shut causing the flame to go out.
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Why do we maintain pH within the range specified by the manufacturer?
Reduce corrosion rates.
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If fuel is shutoff doe to a flame out on an automatically controlled boiler, what does 46CFR require?
Visual and audible alarm.
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Describe the fusible plug on a Scotch or auxiliary boiler.
Located at or near the center of the crown sheet.
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How is the fuel atomized for use when using the steam atomizer?
Steam expansion atomizes the fuel.
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List the seven systems required by 46CFR63 for large automatically controlled auxiliary boiler.
- Programming control system
- Operating control system
- Flame safeguard control system
- Limit control system
- Combustion control system
- Fuel supply control system
- Ignition system
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List the three steps in the procedure for replacing tubes in a water tube auxiliary boiler.
Rolled, Beaded, and Seal Welded
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Why is it important for safety valves to open and close rapidly?
To prevent wire drawing.
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46CFR61 requires that auxiliary boilers that have undergone major repairs be hydrostatically tested to what percentage of their operating pressure?
150%
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Why do we purge boiler furnaces prior to light the fires?
To prevent explosion upon ignition.
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List the major cause of heavy soot accumulations in auxiliary boilers.
Frequent Cycling.
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What elements is basic to all complete hydraulic systems?
Fluid storage and conditioning equipment.
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What hydraulic device can easily vary speed to provide high torque?
Fluid motor
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What type of valve is used to regulate actuator speed?
Flow control
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With what are some hydraulic fluids formulated to make them fire-resistant?
Water
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A hydraulic fluid that has poor lubricating qualities can cause what?
System breakdown
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What is the purpose of the filters, coolers, and heaters in a hydraulic system?
To condition the fluid
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The point in the operating cycle where the moving member is at rest is called the what?
Dwell
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What is the result of hydraulic fluid flow and pressure?
motion and force
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The number of lines and fittings in a system can be reduced by using a what?
Manifold
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What does a pictorial diagram show?
General position and appearance of components
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What is an important characteristic of a schematic diagram?
Helps you trace fluid flow
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What does a solid line on a hydraulic schematic diagram always represent?
- working line
- pressure line
- return line
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Hollow arrows on a schematic drawing will tell you that the drawing is prepared for what system?
pneumatic system
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When a hydraulic system breaks down, the cause is usually what?
interruption of flow
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Which of the six basic elements of a hydraulic system is not represented by a symbol?
Fluid
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The preferred method for connecting a pump shaft to the drive unit is by the use of a what?
flexible coupling
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What is extremely important when joining pump and motor shafts?
Alignment
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Before adjusting the pressure setting of a pump, make sure that is what?
fully primed
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The device that provides an easy method for making hydraulic circuit mods is called a what?
manifold
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For added convenience a supply valve may be provided with what?
extra ports
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Disregarding mechanical damage, what is the most frequent cause of solenoid failure?
overheating coils
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After installing J.I.C. approved valve, you should test the valve with what?
Pin actuator
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Which connector should not be used in a hydraulic system?
Expansion
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Too comply with J.I.C., proper flare angle for tubing should be what?
37 degrees from the centerlion
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What is the advantage of tube bending?
reduced number of fittings
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Which hose connection is recommended for high pressure hydraulic applications?
Permanent
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What three things are recommended when installing hydraulic hose?
- use long links
- avoid twisting hose
- use large diameter hose
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What kind of seal can be used to compensate for cylinder wear?
Piston cup
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A spring loaded radial seal is used to protect what?
pump shaft
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Variable volumes can be obtained with gear pumps by variation of what?
the pump drive speed
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A radial piston pump can fail to deliver rated fluid volume because of what?
obstructed suction passages or pintle
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Minor internal leakage will cause oil to accumulate in a pump casing, resulting in what?
Agitation and overheating
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Close tolerance will make an axial piston pump run hot if what?
low volume pumping
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Constant displacement gear pumps are controlled by what?
Relief valve
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What can control the delivery rate of a variable stroke axial piston pump?
The tilting box position
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What are the most common pumps in a hydraulic system?
Rotary pumps
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Cylinder should be what when testing for for external misalignment?
Unloaded
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What will cause the cylinder to stop if its orifice becomes blocked?
Speed control valve
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If the internal drain at either end of a hydraulic two way spool directional control valve cylinder became plugged, the valve would be placed in what?
Hydraulic lock
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Where is the filter located at in a multi-operation hydraulic system?
Between the pump and directional control valves
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How often should be fluid filter elements be cleaned of replaced?
6 months or 1000 hours
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How do you vary the volume discharged by a gear pump?
varying the pump drive speed
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Casing obstructions in the radial piston pump will cause what to happen?
fail to deliver rated the rated fluid volume
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In general, what is the purpose of the casing drain on a hydraulic pump?
Prevent damage from agitation and overheating
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What determines the cushioning effect in a hydraulic cylinder?
Needle valve
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Describe the travel of a cylinder if the cushioning valve is not open enough.
Piston abruptly slows and continues to creep to the completion of its stroke.
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What is the purpose of a hydraulic system pressure relief valve?
Establishes the maximum pressure of a hydraulic system
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What is the purpose of a hydraulic accumulator?
Store fluid under pressure
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What is the purpose of a hydraulic system unloading valve?
Temporarily diverts pump discharge until additional flow is required
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What is the purpose of a hydraulic system counterbalance valve?
Prevent stray movement of vertical load.
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What is the purpose of spring-center valves, 3-position valves, 2-position valves?
directional control valves
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What controls the discharge capacity of an axial piston hydraulic pump?
Fixed by the pump housing angle
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Why do we try to minimize turbulence in a hydraulic system?
To minimize energy loss
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Synthetic fire resistant fluids cannot operate over a wide temperature range because of what?
Their viscosity index
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Hydraulic fluid that becomes excessively high in viscosity will cause what?
pump cavitations
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How far from the bottom of a reservoir should an intake pipe be placed?
3 inches
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After a routine overhaul or system breakdown, what should be checked out?
hydraulic valves
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If pressure to control valve inlet is higher than to be delivered to the actuator, what is wrong?
the valve is defective
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When should hydraulic system cycle performance be checked?
At 2000 hours
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What is compression ignition?
Heat of compression which causes fuel to ignite.
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Describe the energy conversions in an internal combustion engine.
Chemical to Thermal to Mechanical
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In operating diesel engine, what changes as load changes?
Combustion pressure on the power stroke.
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Describe the purpose of counterweights on a crankshaft.
Uniform loading and wear of main bearing.
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What causes most fuel injection nozzles to open?
Fuel oil pressure
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What controls the injection pressure of a common rail fuel system?
Bypass valve
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Which type of fuel system combines the injection pump with the injection nozzle in one housing?
Unit injector
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What type of fuel injection system uses a spring loaded differential spray needle valve and individual pump for each cylinder?
Jerk pump injection
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What is the purpose of the delivery check valve used in a diesel fuel injection jerk pump?
Quick cutoff of fuel injection
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Describe how wrist pin bearings perform their function.
Swinging motion
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On most medium speed engines, how are the crank pins or crank journal bearing lubricated?
Drilled passages in the crankshaft
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Why are connecting rod precision bearings made slightly larger than the space they are to fill?
To cause crush to lock in place.
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How does a ball bearing carry its load?
2 small points diametrically opposed from each other
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What are 2 general types of sliding contact bearing?
thrust and journal
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Describe the construction and function of a Quill Shaft.
Lighter weight, Hollow, and axial flexibility
-
How do you prevent moisture accumulation in main propulsion reduction gear?
Run till temperature drops to ambient, secure oil flow, energize dehumidifiers.
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What are the benefits of double helical gears?
Eliminates side tooth gear thrust.
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How and why are double helical gear teeth meshed that way?
Several teeth are meshed at the same time to provide smooth continuous power transmission.
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Describe the term articulated as it pertains to reduction gears.
Gears are contained in a separate sequential gear housing.
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Explain the operation of an articulated double reduction gear set for a cross compounded steam turbine.
4 pinion gears, and 3 gear trains
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Why are the teeth of reduction gears normally cut in a temperature controlled room?
To prevent ambient conditions from affecting machining process.
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What type of friction consumes the most power and generates the most heat?
Sliding friction
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What is an effect and a solution of an increase in speed of rotation on oil lubricated bearings?
Increased heat, a fine mist spray to reduce heat.
-
Describe viscosity.
Internal friction of a liquid
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Why are their magnets in lube oil strainers?
Check for metal to metal failure, primarily for reduction gears.
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If oil is leaking out from between _____/_____ is not continously drained on a variable stroke axial pston Hydraulic pump damage can occur
Valve Plate/ Cylinder Barrel
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The _____ valve is used in a diesel fuel injection jerk pump to assist in quick cutoff of fuel injection
Delivery Check Valve
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Reduction gears on main propeller turbines are ______ cut to eliminate gear tooth thrust
Double Helical
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____ gears are required in articulated double reduction gear set for a cross-compounded turbine
4 Pinion
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Cracked or broken teeth of a reduction gear is the result of severe overstress due to ____ or ______
misalignment or overload
-
Most shafts are subject to ____ and ____ stresses
Torsional and bending
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Plain journal bearings are suited for
Heavy duty, low speed
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solid bronze sleeve bearings are what type of bearings
plain journal bearings
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____ bearings closures roate with the shaft
baffle
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Running _____ tests do not include axial runout
accuracy
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principle limitation of antifriction bearings is lack of resistance to ____
Fatigue
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In a fixed and floating 2 bearing mounting ____ is carried by the fixed bearings
Thrust
-
A good way to prevent creeping or spinning of the inner ring
Tapered Sleeve
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_____ is likely to be considered when choosing a mounting for a anti friction bearings
Lubrication
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______ is not an important characteristic of a plain bearing
High hardness
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a small ______ indicates small teeth for a gear
diametrial pitch
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