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examples of electromagnetic radiation
radio, microwave oven, remote control, cell phone, neon sign, and rainbow
involve energy that travels as waves through space
electromagnetic radiation
highest point on the wave
peak or crest
distance from a peak in one wave to the peak in the next wave
wave length
number of waves that pass a certain point in one second
frequency
distance in meters a wave travels in one second
velocity of a wave
velocity of radiation is given as
meters per second
travels at the speed of light in a vacuum
electromagnetic radiation
wavelengths of radiation are expressed in
meters (m)
frequencies are measured in
cycles per second
represents one wave per second
hertz (Hz)
arrangement of all the various forms of electromagnetic radiation in order of decreasing wavelengths or increasing frequencies
electromagnetic spectrum
have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than radio waves
microwaves
responsible for the heat we feel from sunlight and the heat of infrared lamps used to warm food in restaurants
infrared radiation (IR)
with wave lengths from 700 to 400nm is the only light our eyes can detect
visible light
longest wavelength at 700 nm
red light
wavelength of 600 nm
orange light
wavelength of 500 nm
green light
wavelength of 400 nm and is the shortest wavelength of visible light
violet light
has shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than violet light of the visible range
unltraviolet light (UV)
can cause sunburn
Ultraviolet light
has shorter wavelengths than ultraviolet light
Xray and gamma rays
has some of the highest frequencies
Xray and gamma rays
produced by radioactive atoms and in nuclear processes in the sun and stars
gamma rays
dangerous because they kill cells in the body and are used in treatments of tumors and cancers
gamma ray
when atoms of elemets are heated
they produce light
when the light emitted from heated elements is passed through a prism
it does not produce a continuous spectrum
consists of lines of different colors separted by dark areas
stomic spectrum
when white light from the sun or a light bulb is passed through a prism
produces a continuous spectrum
example of a contiunous spectrum
rainbow
having only certain wavelengths of light produced when an element is heated gives each element
a unique atomic spectrum
stream of small particles of energy
photons
the energy of a photon is related to
frequency of the light emitted
the energy of an electron can never
be between any to specific energy levels
in an atom, each electron has its
own energy level
energy level are assigned values called
principal quantum numbers
electrons in the lower energy levels
are closer to the nucleus
electrons in the higher energy levels are
farther away from the nucleus
An electron is raised to a higher energy level by?
absorbing the amount of energy equal to the difference in energy levels
when does an electron lose energy?
when it falls to a lower energy level and emits electromagnetic radiation equal to the energy level difference
if the electromagnetic radiation emitted has a wavelength in the visible range
we see a color
when an electron falls from higher energy levels to the first energy level
Ultraviolet light can be produced
when electrns fall from higher energy levels to the second level
a series of colored lines of visible light can be produced
when electrons fall from higher energy levels to the third level
photaon in the infrared can be produced
each energy level consists of one or more
sublevels
contains electron with identical energy
sublevels
sublevels are indentified by the letters
s, p, d, f
equal to the principle quantum number
number of sublevles in an energy level
withis each energy level the S sublevel has the
lowest energy
if there are additional sublevels after S then
p has the lowest energy then d then f
s sublevel
has the lowest energy
s sublevel holds
1 or 2 electrons
p sublevel holds
6 electrons
d sublevel holds
10 electrons
f sublevel hold a max of
14 electrons
a region in an atom where there is the highest probability of finding an electron
orbital
represents the three dimensional regions in which electrons have the highest probability of being found
shapes of orbitals
states that an orbital can hold up to 2 electron but no more
pauli exclusion principle
in an s orbital electrons are most likely found
in a region with a spherical shape
s orbitals can hold
1 or 2 electrons
increase in the size of the s orbitals
means higher energy levels
p sublevel has
3 p orbitals
an s level has
1 s orbital
each of the 3 p orbitals has
2 lobes
each p orbital can hold up to
2 electrons
at highter energy levels the shape of p orbitals
stays the same but the volume increases
d sublevel consits of
5 d orbitals
f sublevel has
7 f orbitals
Author
Anonymous
ID
199810
Card Set
Chapter 4
Description
chapter 4 chemistry
Updated
2013-02-11T23:26:28Z
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