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Salivary
amylase
Salivary glands (exocrine) | - Begin carbohydrate breakdown (starches) into smaller units
| - Presence of food or just thinking about food, which causes salivation; can’t function in stomach, only in the mouth
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Gastrin
Gastric glands | - Promote realease of gastric gland products and movements
| - Distension of stomach/ parasympathetic stimulation
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Pepsin
Chief cells of the gastric glands | - Begin protein breakdown; does not break down; protein splitting enzyme
| - Gastrin
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HCl
Parietal cells of the gastric glands | - Activates pepsinogen to pepsin
| - Gastrin and the parasympathetic
- Distension stimulating the parasympathetic and release of gastrin
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CKP
Krypts of Lieberkuhn | - Promote release of digestive enzymes from pancreas, krypts, and release of bile
| - Distension of the small intestine due to chyme entering/ parasympathetic stimulation
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Secretin
Hormone released from Krypts of Lieberkuhn | - Stimulate secretion of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas
| - When chyme enters the small intestine, the acidity causes it to be released
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Small intestinal enzymes
Small intestine (Krypts of Lieberkuhn) | - Complete digestion of foods
| - Entrance of chyme into the small intestine, causing distension, which stimulates the parasympathetic to secrete digestive juices
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enterokinase
Krypts of Lieberkuhn | - Activates trypsinogen to trypsin
| - Chyme enters, causing distension of the small intestine, which, in turn, causes parasympathetic to stimulate release of digestive juices and enterokinase
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trypsinogen/ trypsin
Pancreas | - Active form: protein-splitting enzyme
- In active form, it activates chymotrypsinogen and carboxypeptidase
| - CKP/ parasympathetic stimulation
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Chymotrypsin/ chymotrypsinogen
Pancreas | - Protein-splitting enzyme
| - CKP/ parasympathetic stimulation
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Carboxypeptidase
Pancreas | - protease; protein-splitting enzyme
| - CKP/ parasympathetic stimulation
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Sodium Bicarbonate
Pancreas | - Neutralizes the acidic chyme before it continues passage through the small intestine
| - Release triggered by secretin
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Bile
Liver | - Emulsification of fats
| - CKP/ parasympathetic stimulation
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Pancreatic Enzymes
Pancreas | - Complete digestion of foods
| - CKP/ parasympathetic stimulation
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