Patho Quiz 6- part 1

Involves the uniting of a sperm and ovum to form

fragments exchange places with sequences on nonhomologous chromosomes 

• when nondisjunction, duplication, deletion, or translocation occur in the first or second cell division after fertilization 
• results in an individual with cells of differing chromosomal makeup

when an abnormal gene fails to result in an abnormal trait

abnormal trait expressed differently in individuals with an identical genotype for the alleles responsible for the trait

silences certain genes that are derived from the father so that only the maternal allele is expressed

modification of the DNA by methylation or addition of protein groups to certain portions of the gene

occurs in the first 8 weeks after fertilization 

spans the time from the 8th week after fertilization to birth

present at birth, but not necessarily genetic in orign

• time since the mother's last period
• makes the embryo 2 weeks early that it is and the pregnancy lasts 40 weeks

period from two weeks before birth to four weeks after birth

time of birth to four weeks after birth

one month to one year of age

refers to disease that affect normal maturation

• encompass the classic genetic disease in which a single abnormal gene is responsible 
• can be traced through the family tree

• complex gene defects involve more than one abnormal gene
• sometimes environmental factors in their expression

defined by microscopically visible structural changes in chromosomes

diseases in which several family members have the same genetically or chromosomally based disease

modified by alteration of molecules other than nucleic acids that get attached to the gene

Toxoplasma, Other, Rubella, Cytomegaloviris, Herpes simplex virus

placental membrane becomes infected, usually by bacteria

births that occur 3 weeks or more prior to term

• congenital and chromosomal abnormalities
• prematurity and low birth weight
• SIDS
• complications of maternal disease
• diseases of the placenta, cord, and membranes