SUR 105 - Test 3

peripheral vascular surgery includes?

decrease in or absence of blood to a localized area, usually related to vascular obstruction

function of peripheral vascular system

organs of peripheral vascular system

3 layers of blood vessels

blood vessel layer that is composed of connective tissue, which protects the vessel from injury and provides structural strength

blood vessel layer that is composed of inner layers of smooth muscle (under control of ANS) bounded by connective tissue

blood vessel layer that secretes substances that cause vasodilation or constriction, as well as substances that prevent platelet aggregation in the vessel

carry oxygenated blood away from heart to the rest of the body

arterial walls

function of arterioles

ventricular contraction

resting phase of the heart

what does vascular dilation do to body temp?

what occurs during shock and when body's core temp is subnormal?

microscopic vessels that function as transition and exchange mechanism for oxygen and other substances between the vessel walls and tissue cells

what are capillaries composed of?

capillary walls

carry blood back to the heart from the peripheral tissues

walls of veins

why are vascular procedures performed?

why is timing of reconstruction and grafting important?

2 pathways in which circulatory system is divided

what does pulmonary system do?

provide primary pumping action for the heart

force exerted on the arterial wall by the pumping action of the heart

higher pressure - occurs during contraction of ventricles

lower pressure - occurs during relaxation phase of cardiac cycle

complex hormonal regulation of arterial pressure, influenced by fluid volume and other factors

what is viscosity measured by?

largest artery in the body

where does aorta terminate?

3 major arteries that arise from the top of the aortic arch

largest vein in the body

how does vena cava communicate with heart?

which veins converge to form portal vein?

how much blood can the liver store?

lymphatic system composed of?

to what does lymph contribute?

occlusion of lymphatic duct and thoracic duct can result in?

lymph nodes composed of?

pulse volume recorder used to measure the arterial pulse waveform during systole

how many BP cuffs are used during arterial plethysmography?

what does doppler scanning do?

radiographic imaging of the artery

used in both peripheral and coronary surgery to map the lumen of a vessel

what are vascular clamps designed to do?

what is used to maintain sterile field instead of sponges?

used to burrow a channel through connective tissue to make space for a tubular vascular graft

vascular suture sizes

vascular suture materials

used to replace a blood vessel or to patch a vessel

what are synthetic grafts made of?

most common method of removing thrombi

what type of syringe is used to fill balloon of embolectomy catheter?

tubular mesh implant that fits against the walls of the artery

what do stents do?

what are stents made of?

device used to retract a vessel during surgery - can also occlude blood vessel by acting as a tourniquet

what are vessel loops made of?

drugs that prevent blood from clotting

drugs that encourage clotting

during vascular surgery, what is used to prevent coagulation in the area of the operative vessels?

what drug may be administered just before arterectomy?

heparin is reversed with?

under coagulation, what can IV administration of thrombin cause?

removal of atherosclerotic plaque from inside of an artery

rubbery substance that adheres to the tunica intima causing stenosis or occlusion

injection of contrast medium into a selected artery and its branches to determine exact location of strictures, occlusion or malformation

used in conjunction with angioplasty to allow surgeon to see the position of stricture and to place catheter in correct position

incision in artery

obstructive arterial disease causing stiffness and loss of elasticity of artery wall

insertion of arterial catheter or stent into an artery to establish patency and normal blood flow

severe pain related to obstructed arterial flow

metal, umbrella-shaped filter inserted into inferior vena cava to prevent emboli from entering pulmonary system

occur when one or more thrombi move from venous system into pulmonary vascular system

what is vena cava filter made of?

2 techniques used to create vascular access for renal hemodialysis

when is hemodialysis necessary for survival

procedure in which blood is shunted outside the body for filtering and cleansing

direct anastomosis between artery and vein

goal of thrombectomy

stationary clot in arterial or venous system

thrombus that breaks away from vessel wall

vascular obstruction

surgical removal of atherosclerotic plaque from carotid artery

what arteries are clamped (in order) in a carotid endarterectomy?

in what order are arteries unclamped in carotid endarterectomy?

condition in which a section of the abdominal aorta becomes thin and bulges because of atherosclerotic plaque and progressive weakening of aortic wall

most common causes of abdominal aortic aneurysm

goal of AAA

aneurysm in which blood seeps between layers of vessel, causing it to tear and split

graft is implanted between the aorta and femoral arteries to bypass the iliac arteries to treat aortoiliac occlusive disease

prep area for aortofemoral bypass

procedure which creates circulation between femoral arteries and axillary artery

implantation of prosthetic graft that connects femoral artery on the affected side to the opposite femoral artery

why is femorofemoral bypass performed?

what kind of anastomosis is used in femorofemoral bypass?

surgical alternative to use of a synthetic graft to bypass diseased femoral artery in which saphenous vein is not removed but left in anatomical position - uses saphenous vein as shunt

why is in situ saphenous femoropopliteal bypass performed?

what arteries are involved in in situ saphenous femoropopliteal bypass?

synthetic graft or autograft implanted between femoral and popliteal arteries

procedure in which saphenous vein is removed to provide autograft for peripheral or coronary artery bypass

goal of saphenous vein graft

why is greater saphenous vein used more successfully for bypass?

what does surgical treatment of varicose veins involve?

ballooning of an artery as a result of weakening of arterial wall

dilation of artery using endovascular techniques

most common form of arteriosclerosis - causes plaque to form on inner surface of artery

Y-shape of an artery or graft

type of ultrasonography that amplifies sounds that pass through tissue and produces visual image of blood flow

diagnostic tool that measures electrical activity of the brain

term referring to pressure, flow, and resistance in the cardiovascular system

blockage in artery that leads to ischemia and tissue death

term meaning "in the natural position or normal place, without disturbing or invading surrounding tissues"

diagnostic tool in which transducer is introduced into an artery and ultrasound is used to translate physical characteristics of lumen into visible image

decrease in or absence of blood to localized area, usually related to vascular obstruction

inside of hollow structure

term that literally means "through the skin" - in surgery, device introduced through puncture site instead of making incision

pooling of blood in veins caused by inactivity or disease

length of mesh tape used to loop around blood vessel for retraction

thinning and enlargement of veins as result of stasis