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What is sterilization?
- Complete removal of microbes
- Uses heat, filtration, chemicals, irradiation
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What is Disinfection?
- Eliminates most pathogens
- Uses: Disinfectants/Antiseptics
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What is pasteurization?
Heat treatment that reduces number of microbes in food and drink.
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What is decontamination?
Reduce pathogens to levels considered safe
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What is degerming/demicrobing?
- Decrease number of microbes in a area
- used especially on skin
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What is sanitization?
Substantially reduced microbial population
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What is preservation?
Process used to delay spoilage
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Best way to control microbes in daily life?
Handwashing
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Best way to control microbes in hospitals?
Sterilization
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What is a nasocomial infection?`
Infection caught in a hospital
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What does selection of microbial removal procedure depend on?
- Type of microbe
- Type of environment
- Risk of infection
- Composition of infected item
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What is a critical item?
Comes in contact with body tissues
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What is a semi-critical item?
Contacts mucous membranes but does not penetrate skin.
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What is a non-critical item?
Contacts unbroken skin only.
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How can heat be used to control microbial growth?
- Used to sterilize or disinfect
- Moist or dry heat
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How does moist heat destroy microbes and what are the 3 methods?
- Coagulation
- Boiling
- Pasteurization
- Pressurized Steam
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What is an autoclave?
Sterilizes items using pressureized steam.
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When is filtration used in microbial control?
- Used to remove microbes from air
- Used to remove microbes from fluids that can't be boiled
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How and when is radiation used to control microbial growth?
- Gamma radiation
- X-rays
- Electron Accelerators
- Used on heat resistant materials
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What chemicals are used to control microbial growth?
- Alcohol - used in disinfectants and antiseptics
- Ozone - used in drinking and waste water
- Hydrogen Peroxide - useful as a disinfectant
- Phenolics - Lysol ingredient
- Chlorine - Pools
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What are some chemical preservatives?
- Ascorbic, Benzoic and Propionic acids - used in bread, cheese, juice
- Nitrates, Nitrites - used in processed meats
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How does freezing control microbial growth in food?
- Kills 50% of microbes
- Irreversibly damages cells
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