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Lymphocytes and plasma cells are responsible for:
- Recognition of foreign antigens
- Antibody protection
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Lymphocytes originate from:
Stem Cells in bone marrow
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B-lymphs responsible for:
Antibody synthesis
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T-lymphs responsible for:
Antigen recognition
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Bone marrow and thymus gland are known as the __________ Lymphoid tissues.
Primary
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Lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer's Patch are known as ___________ Lymphoid tissues.
Secondary
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Lymphocyte recirculation:
Lymphs move freely between peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues.
-
-
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Only ____________ lymphocytes are normally seen in peripheral blood.
mature
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Most "small" lymphs are ____ lymphs.
T
-
Most "large" lymphs are _____ lymphs
B
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T or F. The Wright Stain can accurately differentiate between T and B lymphs.
False
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_____% of peripheral lymphocytes may be morphologically abnormal
5-6
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Variant Lymphocytes have been immunologically stimulated and have _________ DNA/RNA activity.
Increased
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They are associated with viral infections, such as:
IM, viral pneumonia, and hepatitis
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General characteristics of Variant Lymphocytes:
- Large overall size.
- Large, irregular (oval, lobulated, folded) nucleus
- Abundant, smooth, light gray to dark blue cytoplasm.
- "Sticky" often have adjacent RBCs.
- Peripheral basophilia
- Vacuoles and azurophilic granules may be present.
-
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Bi-nucleated lymphocytes are associated with:
leukemias
-
Rieder cells (clover leaf nuclei) are associated with:
CLL
-
Vacuolated lymphs are associated with:
- Viral infection
- Chemotherapy
- Irradiation
-
Smudge cells (broken cells) are associated with:
CLL, artifact
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T-Lymphs (cellular immunity) functions and membrane characteristics:
Antigen recognition and B-lymph regulation
-
B-lymphs (Humoral immunity) are associated with:
- Antibody production
- A mature, activated B-lymph is a plasma cell
-
NK
- Cytotoxic reactions
- Stimulated by interferon and kill virus infected cells
-
K-type lymphocytes
Kill cells coated with IgG antibody
-
Lymphs have specific receptor sites on their membranes that:
Regulate their immune responses
-
These various receptor sites are used to:
classify the various lymph subgroups
-
T-lymphs are classified into 2 subgroups:
- Suppresor/Cytotoxic (CD8)=inhibits B-lymph activity.
- Helper/Inducer (CD4)=Stimulated B-lymph activity
-
What is the normal helper/suppressor ration?
- 2:1
- It is utilized to evaluate HIV patients.
-
A helper/suppressor=0.5 indicates:
poor immune status
-
Plasma cells are mature, stimulated B-lymphs, actively synthesizing antibody.
Plasma cells should be ID as plasma cells on the WBC differential
-
Plasma cell development:
- B lymph (creates antibodies)
- Blast Transformation
- Antigenic stimulation
- T-Helper Cell Stimulation
- Plasma Cell
-
Plasma Cell characterisitics:
- Large cell
- Large, dark blue, condensed, eccentric nucleus.
- Basophilic cytoplasm
- Perinuclear halo (light area around nucleus)
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