-
 Number 1
- Cervical Vertebrae
- 7 in mammals
- first is the atlas
- second is the axis
- have a transverse foramen for the passage of the vertebral artery
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Number 2
- Thoracic Vertebrae
- 13 in cats
- identified by long dorsal spine
- ribs are attached
- "prehistoric" appearance
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Number 3
- Lumbar Vertebrae
- Cats have 7
- located behind throacic vertebrae
- Points on bottom
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Number 4
- Sacral vertebrae (sacrum
- 3 fused vertebrae
- Looks like a triceratops
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Number 5
- Caudal vertebrae
- The tail bones
- Varying number of bones
-
 Number 7
- Sternum
- Cranial called Manubrium
- Caudal called xiphoid
- 7/12 pairs of ribs are attached directly
- 4 pairs are attached to costal cartilages
- final pair is not attached and "floats"
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Number 4
- Scapula
- Shoulder blades
- ventral continuation is the acromin process
- caudal projection is the metacromion process
- glenoid cavity is used for articulation with the humerus
- R/L distingushed by curve facing dorsally
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Number 1
- Humerus
- proximal end has a head
- R/L holes face medially and the indent faces dorsally
-
 Top
- Ulna
- Lateral bone of forearm
- proximal end has a semilunar notch which articulates with the humerus
- Olecranon - the projection beyond the semilunar notch "elbow"
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Bottom
- Radius
- Medial bone of foreleg
- Expanded end articulates with carpals
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Carpal bones
- Wrist bones
- Distal bones -1-4
Metacarpals - bones of paw
- Phalanges - bones of digits #1-5
- 1st digit - 2 phalanges (proximal & distal)
- Other 4 - 3 phalanges (proximal, middle & distal)
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- Femur
- large bone of thigh
- proximal end has head "ball joint"
- R/L ball joint on inside and hinge faces down
-
- Os coxae - 2 sides to pelvic girdle fused together
- Ilium - cranial most part
- Ischium - part sat on
- Pubis - ventrocaudal portion
- Acetabulum - socket for femur
- Obturator foramen - large opening
-
Acetabulum
Socket for articulation with the head of the femur (located in both ox coxae
-
Obturator foramen
Large opening in both Ox Coxae
-
 Bottom
- Tibia
- "shin" bone
- proximal end has 2 articular condoyles that contact the articular condoyles of femur
- lateral condyle is fused to head of fibula
- distal end of fibula fused to center of tibia on lateral surface.
- R/L - longer point connects to the ankle on the inside
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Top
- Fibula
- "Splint" like bone fuses to the upper tibia
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Patella
- sesamoid bone cranial to knee joint
- "knee cap"
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Tarsals
- ankle bone
- 6 tarsal bones in each foot
-
Metatarsals
bones of the foot
-
Phalanges
- Bones of digits
- Digit 1 - proximal and distal (dew claw) - often not in back paws
- Digit 2-5 - proximal, middle, and distal.
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