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An example of an ethnography is a(n) _____.
study of the behavior of residents in a retirement home.
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The nature of ethnocentrism involves _____.
all of these choices
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Prehistoric archaeologists work with which of the following?
artifacts, ecofacts, and features
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Which of the following is not a traditional subfield or branch, of anthropology?
ethological anthropology
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Primatology is the study of _____.
the anatomy and social behavior of non-human primates in order to better understand humans
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Eric Wolf suggested that anthropology _____.
spans the gap between the humanities, social and natural sciences
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Ecofacts are _____.
objects found in the natural environment that were used by people but not made or altered by them
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The anthropological attitude that a society’s customs and ideas should be viewed in the context of its own culture is called ______.
cultural relativism
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Cultural relativism was first coined by ____.
Boas and Herskovits
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The recent intensification of the flow of money, goods, and information to all parts of the world is referred to as _____.
globalization
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Studying sound and grammatical systems in a specific language is the work of a(n) _____.
descriptive linguist
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The word “anthropology” derives from the Greek anthropos and logos and literally means _____.
the study of humans
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Although the global scope of anthropological studies has increased during the past century, most recently there has been increased attention on _____.
urban and industrial societies
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Which of the following best characterizes the study of paleoanthropology?
Paleoanthropologists focus on the reconstruction of the human fossil record through the excavation and analysis of fossil remains
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Historic archaeology ______.
works to reconstruct the cultures of people who used writing and about whom records exist
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Cultural relativism _____.
is the core tenant of the study of anthropology: remaining objective
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The study of other cultures and other ways of life should lead us to an understanding that _____.
all cultures have value and none is better than any other
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The ability to see how a single entity is composed of a number of different parts and how these parts are interconnected is called _____.
cognitive complexity
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Why are forensic anthropologists asked to testify at trials frequently?
They specialize in identifying victims and circumstances of death
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Physical anthropologists are interested in human variation today because ______.
it allows us an understanding of how humans adapt to the environment
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Ethnographic research usually involves all of the following except ______.
working to make cultures more similar
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Ethnocentrism is the belief that ______.
other cultures are inferior to one’s own
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Which of the following statements is not true?
Ethnocentrism is worse in urban societies than in rural ones
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Being attentive to both verbal and nonverbal communication is a skill known as _____.
perceptual acuity
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Which statement about the learned nature of culture is true?
People learn what they need to know in order to adapt to their environment
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Despite many differences in details, all cultures share a number of common cultural features including _____.
each of the systems listed here
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The integration of a culture means that _____.
cultural parts are somewhat interconnected with one another
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In comparison to the United States and Germany, why have so few scientists received Nobel Prizes in Japan?
Japanese culture does not value bold experimentation of individual accomplishment as much as these other countries
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Which of the following is not an example of cultural diffusion?
the use of the detachable outrigger on the island of Hiva Oa
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People from the same culture can predict one another's behavior because _____.
culture conditions behavior
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Symbols are one of the most critical components of culture. Which of the following statements is not true of symbols?
Symbols are completely separate from language
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The spread of a cultural element from one society to another is called ______.
cultural diffusion
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What types of cultures remain completely static year after year?
No culture remains completely static
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In situations of cultural diffusion _____.
the two cultures do not exchange every cultural item.
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Which statement about the concept of culture is false?
Most cultural universals are instinctual.
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The anthropological concept of culture includes all of the following except ______.
genetic aspects of being human
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The task of the cultural anthropologist is to _____.
describe the various parts of the culture he or she studies
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The process by which people acquire their own culture is _____.
called enculturation
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Which of the following is the best example of the enculturation process?
an infant learning how to walk and speak
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The anthropological attitude that a society’s customs and ideas should be viewed in the context of that society’s culture is called _____.
cultural relativism
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In situations of cultural diffusion _____.
the two cultures do not exchange every cultural item
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Which of the following is not a universal cultural need?
a formal educational system
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Forced borrowing under conditions of external pressure is a form of _____.
acculturation
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The “organic analogy” refers to the idea that ____.
the parts of a culture are interconnected much as are the organs of a living animal
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All of the following are components of any definition of culture except ____.
biological predispositions
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Symbols are one of the most critical components of culture. Which of the following statements is not true of symbols?
Symbols are completely separate from language
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Saying that every society has an economic system means that _____.
every society has worked out a patterned way of ensuring that people get what they need for survival
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Applied anthropologists ______.
All of these choices
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Applied anthropology includes all of the following except _____.
postmodern anthropology
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Which of the following was the subject of Penny Van Esterik’s applied research?
Nestle baby formula controversy
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Applied anthropology ____.
is harder to define than the four traditional subfields
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Applied anthropology is focused more on solving _______ than theoretical anthropology.
social problems
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Cultural relativism tends to foster _____.
tolerance
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In order to protect consumers, the World Health Organization and UNICEF developed the Code for the Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in 1981. Which of the following countries did not sign this document as supporter?
United States
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Applied anthropologist Li Jian found various kinds of barriers for rural Chinese to convert to household-based biogas production. Which of the following is not one of the types of barriers?
sufficient number of cattle
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All of the following were detrimentally affected by the use of biocides on three Caribbean islands except _____.
wild rice
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The ethnographic study of adolescent drug dealers is best considered a part of which specialty of cultural anthropology?
Urban anthropology
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Which of the following features is not associated particularly with anthropology?
focus on statistics
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Why are ethnographic studies of powerful institutions in U.S. society so rarely conducted?
Influential policy setters are usually unwilling to submit to ethnographic study.
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Alexander Ervin suggests that there are five types of cultural anthropology along a continuum. Which of the following is not one of the types of cultural anthropology that he proposed?
Practicing ethnology
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Which of the following types of cultural anthropology would be considered the least applied in its focus?
Basic ethnography
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Supporters of applied anthropological research
often include national and international agencies and private organizations.
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Applied anthropologist Penny Van Esterik played what role is the Nestle controversy?
advocate
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Anthropology aimed very purposefully at practical results is referred to as _____.
applied anthropology
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A specialized role in which an applied anthropologist presents culturally relevant research findings as part of a judicial proceeding is called a(n) _____.
expert witness
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Richard Dembo’s study of crack cocaine in west central Florida found that _____.
teenage dealers were using most of their income for luxury items for themselves
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A specialized role in which an applied anthropologist conducts a fairly specialized type of research designed to determine whether a proposed program or project is needed is that of ______.
needs assessor
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Understanding of the multiple variables involved in human problems is fostered primarily by which special feature of anthropology?
the holistic perspective
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Policy researcher, needs assessor, and advocate are all ______.
specialized roles for applied anthropologists
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