what percentage of our total Kcalories should come from fats?
20-35%
list the chemical elements in fats.
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
list 3 major categories of lipids.
triglycerides
phospholipids
sterols
what category of lipid accounts for 95% of all the fats?
triglycerides
what makes up a triglyceride?
3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol
what are the 2 essential fatty acids?
linolenic
linoleig
which essential fatty acid is an omega 3?
linolenic
which essential fatty acid is an omega 6?
linpleig
which essential fatty acid is needed for growth in children?
linolenic (omega 3)
what is a source of linolenic (omega 3)?
cold water fish
what is a major source of linoleig (omega 6)?
plant oils
what 2 oils are saturated fatty acids?
coconut
palm
define hydrogenation
when hydrogen is added to make a semi-solid.
does hydrogenation help shelf life?
yes
phospholipids and sterol are found in only____% of our diets and in our bodies.
5%
what is an example of a phospholipid that is made form scratch in the body?
lecithin
list examples of sterols
vitamin D
sex hormones
cholesterol
what is the recommended amount of cholesterol we should not exceed in our diets?
300mg/day
list foods that contain large amounts of cholesterol
eggs
red meat
what is the primary function of proteins in our diet?
build
maintain
repair body tissue
what are the chemical elements of protein?
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
how many amino acids?
20
how many essential amino acids?
9
what percentage of Kcalories should come from protein per day?
10-15%
what is a polypeptide?
many amino acids bonded together
what is a oligo peptide?
few amino acids bonded together
what is the function of enzymes of protein?
act as catalyst for building/breaking down compounds in the body
they are never used up.
what is the fluid balance function of protein?
to maintain volume and composition of body fluids
intracellular
intercellular
intravascular
what is the function of protein of balance of acid and base do?
maintain the acid-base balance of the body fluids by acting as buffers.
acidosis- to acidic
alkalosis- to basic
what does the function of antibodies of protein do?
helps protect against disease
what is the function of transportation or protein?
transports molecules in and out of cells.
what are 2 examples of transportation proteins?
lipoprotein- move fat through the body
hemoglobin- carries oxygen from lungs to cells
what is a high quality proteins (complete protein)?
protein containing all amino acids essential in human nutrition in adequate amounts.
examples of high quality protein?
meats
animal sources
define nitrogen balance.
the amount of nitrogen consumed as compared with the amount of nitrogen excreted in a given period of time.
define positive nitrogen balace
the body synthesizes more than it degrades.
protein is added.
examples of positive nitrogen balance.
pregnancy
children
define negative nitrogen balance.
the body degrades more than it synthesizes.
uses protein for energy.
examples of negative nitrogen balance.
fasting
starving
why are high protein diets not recommended?
they can cause kidney problems due to the presence of excess nitrogen.
the body will always take care of 1 priority, which is he brain and nervous system. explain what happens if carbs and fats are not available in the diet?
the body can convert 50% of protein into glucose by splitting off the nitrogen the rest is excreted in urine.