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Final Exam Metabolism
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When do the absorptive and postabsorptive states occur?
absorptive - first 2-4 hours after eating
postabsorptive - everything after those first 2-4 hours
(most questions on final will be on absorptive)
What is going on during the absorptive state?
Nutrient absorption Building tissues - (increase uptake of amino acids and protein production)
Increased use of glucose as energy - (increased uptake and use of glucose)
Function of carbohydrates
Major energy source
(Glycolysis breaks down glucose, which breaks down pryuvate to go into the TCA cycle --> glucose production)
Function of proteins
Building blocks of body
Function of lipids
Concentrated energy source
Storage of energy
Transamination is what?
Taking the amino group off an amino acid and attaching it to the keto acid (which become an amino acid)
The new amino acid is ready for protein synthesis
The origional amino acid become a keto acid and can be broken down inthe TCA cycle
One method of animo acid catabolism (breakdown)
Deamination is what?
Removing amino group and hydrogen atom from an amino acid
Prepares amino acid for breakdown in TCA cycle
What is an essential nutrient?
A nutrient needed by the body that can not be made by the body
Ex: Cholesterol is not and essential nutrient because (though we need it) the body can make enough for the body to function
What is glycolysis? Where does it occur?
Breaking down glucose
Occurs in cytosol
Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?
Anaerobic (do not need O
2
)
Glycolysis is important because:
A. it builds glucose stores
B. it provides electrons for the TCA cycle
C. it is a major energy source
D. all of the above
C. it is a major energy source
Citric Acid Cycle / TCA Cycle:
What are the end products?
Water
Energy
CO
2
Citric Acid Cycle / TCA Cycle:
What goes into the TCA cycle?
2 carbon units - Acetyl-CoA
(The three carbon pyruvic acid from glycolysis is turned into the two carbon Acetyl-CoA which enters the TCA cycle)
Citric Acid Cycle / TCA Cycle:
Where does it occur?
a. cytoplasm
b. cristae of innermembrane
c. matrix of cytoplasm
c. matrix of the mitchondria
What carries the energy from the citric acid cycle/TCA cycle to the Electron Transport Sustem.
NAD, FAD (in thier NADH and FADH
2
forms)
Which part of aerobic metabolism yeilds the most ATP
a. Glycolysis
b. Citric acid cycle/TCA cycle
c. ETS
ETS
Describe what happens to the H
+
and e- in the ETS
They are carried over on FADH2 and NADH and released
The hydrogen ions are released
The electrons are passed the coenzymes, losing energy in small steps along the way
At the end of the cycle, the electrons bind to oxygen, which then combines with H
+
to form water
End products: ATP and H
2
O
The ETS is the key reaction in ___________
a. phosphorylation
b. the latent period
c. glycogenolosis
phosphorylation
The post-absorptive state is glucose using or glucose sparing?
Glucose sparing
How does the body get energy during the post-absorptive phase?
Glyconeogenesis of fat in the liver.
Body doesn't like to use protein. And it spares the glucose.
What does cortisol do?
a. break down amino acids
b. break down carbohydrates
c. break down fat
Break down fats- for glyconeogenesis when energy reserve must be called upon
During exercise, what acts a lot like cortisol by keeping glycolysis and glyconeogenesis rates high?
a. E
b. NE
c. CCK
E
What is gluconeogenesis? What stage does it occur during?
Making glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (such as amino acids or triglycerides)
Post-absorptive state
What is lipolysis? What stage does it occur during?
Breaking down lipids for energy (Lipid catabolism)
The pieces are converted to pyruvic acid for the TCA cycle
During the post-absorptive state
What is lipogenesis? What stage does it occur during?
Formation of lipids (primarily as triglycerides) for storage
What is glycogenolysis? What stage does it occur during?
Process of breaking down glycogen to get glucose
In the post-absorptive state
Insulin
a. increases glycogenesis
b. increases lipogenesis
c. acts during the absorptive state
d. all of the above
all of the above
(basically increases uptake and formation of everything - glucose, lipids, amino acids, etc)
Glucocorticoids do not:
A. decrease the use of glucose
B. increase reliance on ketone bodies and fatty acids
C. increase fatty acid catabolism
C. increase fatty acid catabolism
Epinephrine has what effect on glycolysis?
Increases it
Author
elo266
ID
19870
Card Set
Final Exam Metabolism
Description
Final Exam Metabolism
Updated
2010-05-19T19:10:27Z
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