Anatomy Ch 4

§Cover body surfaces 

§Line body cavities

§Form protective sheets around organs

• SKIN
• -Dry membrane 

-Outermost protective boundary

-Superficial epidermis is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

• -Underlying dermis is mostly dense
• connective tissue

-Stratified squamous epithelium (mouth, esophagus) 

-Simple columnar epithelium (rest of digestive tract)

-Underlying loose connective tissue (lamina propria)

-Lines all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface

-Often adapted for absorption or secretion

h

-Surface is a layer of simple squamous epithelium 

-Underlying layer is a thin layer of areolar connective tissue

-Lines open body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body

-Serous membranes occur in pairs separated by serous fluid

-Visceral layer covers the outside of the organ

-Parietal layer lines a portion of the wall of ventral body cavity

heart and intestines

-Connective tissue only 

-Lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints

-Secretes a lubricating fluid

-Outermost layer of epidermis 

-Shingle-like dead cells are filled with keratin (protective protein prevents water loss from skin)

-Formed from dead cells of the deeper strata 

-Occurs only in thick, hairless skin of the palms of hands and soles of feet

only where skin is hairless and thick.. ex palms 

with stratum granulosum is in the top layer

• produced by melanocytes ranges from color in light brown to black
• found chiefly in the stratum basale

the upper dermal region uneven and has peglike projections from its superior surface

 the peglike projections from the superior surface of the dermal papillary layer

only the epidermis is damaged area becomes red and swollen

involve injury to the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis , skin is red and painful, blisters appear

destroy the entire thickness of the skin so these burns are also called full thickness burns the burned area appears blanched, gray white or blackened , the nerve endings in the area are destroyed therefore it is not painful - regeneration is not possible- skin grafting must be done 

divides the body into 11 areas each accounting for 9% of the total body surface area plus an additional 1% for the genitals area 

• A   Assymetry
• B   Border irr egul   arity
• C   Color
• D   Diameter