Anatomy Chapter 6

The bones that make up the fingers and toes

The thigh bone, which is the longest bone in the body.

• "soft spots" on the infant's head;
• unossified areas in the infant skull

the slender non-weight bearing bone located on the lateral aspect of the leg

The act of bending, decreasing the angle between two bones at the joint

increasing the angle between two bones at a joint

freely moving joint

• Heel bone;
• largest tarsal in the foot

thorax

The process of moving the distal end of a body part in a circular path

Bony Vault made up of eight bones that encase the brain

• Either of two crossed ligaments inside the knee joint cavity that connect the tibia to the femur;
• Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
• Posterior Cruciate Ligamnet (PCL)

Bones in the wrist

Small, cusion-like sac found alongside joints, cushioning moving bones

Slightly movable joint such as the joint joining the two pubic bones

One of the three separate bones that forms the os coxa

Bond or band connection two objects; in anatomy a bond of white fibrous tissue connecting bones

2 arches that extend lengthwise in the foot

Space or cavity; for example lacunae in bone contain bone cells

2 arches that extend lengthwise in the foot

the part of the hand between the wrist and fingers

part of the foot between the ankle and toes

a tiny and very thin epithelium-lined cavity in the temporal bone that houses the ossicles; in the middle ear, sound waves are amplified

articular cartilage disk

Bone-absorbing cell

a bone disease in which there is an excessive loss of calcified matrix and collagenous fibers from bone

Bone-forming cell

A largedepression on the posterior surface of the humerus

the large bony process of the ulna; commonly referred to as the tip of the elbow

four pairs of sinuses that have openings into the nose

Connects the legs to the trunk; hip bones

Basin or funnel shaped structure

joint in the midline between the two pubic bones

Small, shallow pan; the knee cap

One of the two bones in the forearm; located on the thumb side of the forearm

Movement around a longitudinal axis, for example shaking your head "no"

a space or cavity inside some of the cranial bones

the direct point of attachment between the bones of the upper extremity and the axial skeleton

immovable joint

a joint in which fibrous connective tissue joins bones and holds them together tightly; commonly called suture

Connective tissue mombrane lining the spaces between bones and joints that secretes synovial fluid

Seven bones of the heel and back part of the foot; the calcaneus is the largest

shinbone

Chest

one of the two forearm bones; located on the liitle finger side

bone that makes up the spinal column

fatty tissue inside the medullary cavity of a long bone

the arch that extends across the ball of the foot

Hip

Bony landmarks that can be touched

Secreation from the thyroid gland and increases mineralization of bone and thus reduces blood calcium to keep the balance of calcium deposits and withdraws.

Joints

• Shoulder blades:
• scapula plus clavicle forms pectoral
• acromen process-tip of shoulder that forms joint with clavicle
• glenoid cavity- arm socket

• 2    Lower Extremities
• Hip bone:
• ilium- upper flaring part of pelvic bone
• ischium- lower back part
• pubic bone-lower front part
• acetabulum- hip socket
• symphysis pubis- cartilaginous joint in midline between two pubic bones
• pelvic inlet- opening into true pelvis or pelvic cavity

If pelvic inlet is misshapen or too small, infant skull cannot enter true pelvis for natural birth

• 1    Skull    Cranial
• Uniquely shaped bone that helps form floor of cranium
• side walls roof of nose and part of its middle portion (nasal septum-made up of the vomer bone and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone) and part of orbit.
• Contains honeycomb-like spaces, the ethmoid sinuses; superior and middle conchae and projections of ethmoid bone that form "ledges" along side walls of the nasal cavity

• 1   Skull   Cranial
• Forms central part of floor of cranium;  pituitary gland located in small depression in sphenoid called sella turcia (Turkish Saddle); muscles attach to pterygoid process

• 1   Skull   Cranial
• Forms back of skull; spinal cord enters cranium through large hole (foramen magnum) in occipital bone

• 2   Skull    Cranial
• Form lower sides of cranium; contain middle and inner ear structures; mastoid sinuses are mucosa-lined spaces in mastoid process, the protuberance behind ear; external auditory canal is tube leading into temporal bone; muscles attach to styloid process

• Skull    Cranial
• Parietal 2 Form bulging topsides of cranium

• 1    skull    Cranial
• Forehead bone; also forms front part of floor of cranium and most of upper part of eye sockets; cavity inside bone above upper margins of eye sockets (orbits) called frontal sinus; lined with mucous membrane

• Bones of the upper and lower extremities
• Includes:
•   Shoulder, pectoral girdles, arms, wrists, and hands, hip, pelvic girdles, legs, ankles, and feet

• Bones of the center of the body.
• Including:
•    Skull, spine, and chest, and the hyoid bone in the neck

Cartilage that remains between the epiphyses and diaphysis.  As long as this is still present, bones are still growing.

The process of bones being formed from cartilage models

Term means "formed in cartilage"

Cartilage cells that are located in lacunae.

• Consists more of intercellular substance than of cells.  Innumerable collagenous fibers reinforce the matrix of both tissues.
• In cartilage the fibers are embeded in a firm gel instead of in a calcified cement substance.

Connects the lacunae with one another and with the central canal in each osteon

Living mature bone cells that lie between the hard layers of the lamella in little spaces called lacunae.

Circular rings (or lamella) surround the central canal, which contains a blood vessel.

Numerous structural units called osteons that are in compact bone.  Each circular and tubelike osteon is composed of calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers that resemble the rings of an onion.

Needle-like threads of spongy bone that surrounds the network of spaces

The porous bone in the end of the long bone

The outer layer of bone that is hard and dense.  Appears solid to the naked eye

• Flat Bone
• The spongy bone layer of the flat bone.

a thin membrane that linnes the medullary cavity

A strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone everywhere except at the joint surfaces, where it is covered by articular cartilage.

• Long Bone
• The ends of the bone-red bone marrow fills in small spaces in the spongy bone composing the epiphysis

A think layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis; functions like a small rubber cusion would if it were placed over the ends of bones where they form a joint

The hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone; contains soft yellow bone marrow, an inactive fatty form of marrow found in the adult skeleton

• Long Bones
• The shaft-  a hollow tube made of hard, compact bone, hence a rigid and strong structure light enough in weight to permit easy movement.

Where red blood cell formation occurs

The process of blood cell formation

Secretion from the parathyroid glands and counterbalances the effects of calcitonin by decreasing the calcium in the bone and thur increasing blood calcium

• 2   Upper Extremities
• Arm bone (Muscles are attached to the greater tubercle and to the medial and lateral epicondyles; the trochlea articulates with the ulna; the surgical neck is a common fracture site)

• 2   Upper Extremities
• Collarbones; only joints between pectoral and axial skeleton are those between each clavicle and sternum.
• (Sternoclavicular joints)

• 1   Bones of the Thorax
• Breastbone;
• shaped like a dagger; peice of cartilage at lower end of bone called xiphoid process; superior portion called the manubrium

• 10   Bones of the Thorax
• Lower five pairs;  first 3 pairs attached to sternum by costal cartilage of seventh ribs;  lowest two pairs do not attach to sternum, therefor called "floating ribs"

• 14   Bones of the Thorax
• Upper seven pairs; attached to sternum by costal cartilages

• 1   Vertebral
• In child:  3-5 separate vertebrae
• In Adult: fused into one

• 1  Vertebral
• In child:  5 separate vertebrae
• In Adult:  fused into one

• 5 Vertebral
• Third five vertebrae; located in the small of the back.

• 12   Vertebral
• Next 12 vertebrae; ribs attach to these

• 7 Vertebral
• Upper seven vertebrae, in neck region; first cervical vertebrae callet atlas, second, axis

skull ear bone

Means "Stirrup"

• 2   skull   ear bone
• Mean "anvil"

• 2    skull    ear bone
• Means "Hemmer"

• 1   Skull   Face Bone
• Forms lower, back part of nasal septum.

• 2 skull   face bones
• Form curved "ledge" along inside of side wall of nose, below middle concha.

• 2    Skull   Face Bone
• Form back part of roof of mouth and floor and side walls of nose and part of floor of orbit

• 2   skull    face bones
• Small bones; help from medial wall of eye socket and side wall of nasal cavity

• 1    Skull    Face Bones
• Lower jawbone articulates with temporal bone at condyloid process; only bone of skull that moves freely; mental foramen is

• 2   Skull    Face Bones
• Cheek bones;  also help form orbits

• 2    Skull    Face Bones
• Upper jawbones;  also help form roof of mouth, floor and side walls of nose and floor of orbit;  large cavity in maxillary bone is maxillary sinus

• 2    skull    face bones
• Small bones that form upper part of bridge of nose

Socket in the hip bone into which the head of the femur fits

• Abduct is to move away from the midlin of the body.
• Adduct is to move toward the midline of the body

One of three separate bones that form the os coxa