chapt 4

capsule around molecule maybe slim/loose or capsule tight

inside composed of condensed dna molecule and genectic material for the cell 

double stranded DNA circles containing xtra genes

a elongate, hollow appendage used in transfers of DNA to other cells (mating)

tiny particles composed of protien and RNA that are the sites  of protien synthesis

long fibers of proteins that encircle the cell just inside the cell membrane and contribute to the shape of the cell

specialized appendages attached to the cell by a basal body that holds a long rotating filament . the movement pushes the cell forward and provides motility

fine hairlike bristle extending from the cell surface that help in adhesions to other cells and surfaces (attachement )

stored nutrients such as fat, glycogen desposited in dense crystals or particles that can be tapped into

a semi rigid casing that provides structure and support the shape for the cell

a thin sheet of lipid  and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls the flow of material into and out of the cell pool

• extra memebrane similar to cell membrane  also contains lipopoy saccaride.
• controls flow of materialand portoions of it

dormant bodies formed within some bacteria that allows for their survial in adverse conditions

water based system that fills the entire cell

filament , hook, basal body

single flagellum

small bunches from the same site

flagella at bothy poles

flagella disperedrandomly around the cell

movement  positive-toward negative - aways

toward sunlight

a loose sheild that protects some bacteria from loss of nutrients and water inportant in the formation of biofilms

a tightly bound gylcocalyx makes te cell wall thicker and denser protects against englufment by phagocytes

• has two layers 
• cell walls and cell membranec

• three layers
• outer memebrance
• cell wall
• cell membrane

consists of glycan chains cross linked by short peptide fragments provides support

• made of rna characterized by s unitis
• prokaryotic ribosome is 70S

• have to phase cycles
• 1st vegatative cell activily growing
• 2nd endospore formation
• vegative cell undergoes a conversion to sporagium-sporagium to endospore
• hardest of all life forms

depletion of nutrients

roughly sperical

rod shaped

gently curved

curviform or spirah shaped