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____ is the most common congenital heart disease.
Ventricular septal defect VSD
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4 classifications of anomalie defects
- 1. increased pulmonary blood flow
- 2. decreased pulmonary blood flow
- 3. obstruction to blood flow out of heart
- 4. mixed blood flow
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Defects of increased pulmonary blood flow
- With this type there is increased blood to lungs and decreased blood to the body
- seen when there is a left to right shunt
- S&S: CHF, murmur, atrial dysrhythmia
- *atrial septal defects
- *VSD
- *patent ductus arteriosus
- "acyanotic"
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Obstructive defects
- blood exiting heart meets area of anatomic narrowing causing obstruction of flow
- S&S: elevated BP, bounding pulses in arma, weak or absent femoral pulses, cool lower extremities
- *coarctation of the aorta, aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis
- "acyanotic"
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Defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow
- Obstruction of pulmonary blood flow and anatomic defect between the right and left sides of the heart
- S&S: blue spells, murmur, episodic hypoxia (esp with crying), blubbing
- *Tetrology of fallow and tricuspid atresia (fails to develop)
- "cyanotic"
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Mixed defects
- Variety of combined cardia anomalies
- SS: varies depending on symptoms of anomalies present
- *transposition of the great arteries, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, truncus arteriosus, hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- "cyanotic"
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