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What blood type can be given to any pt w/o crossmatching? Universal donor.
Type O because it doesn't have A or B antigens.
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What blood type is the universal recipeint?
AB
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A ____ elicits an immune response by combining with an antiody.
antigen
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______ develop in response to an antigen.
antibodies
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_______ occurs with antigen-antibody response causing clumping together of RBCs and rendering them ineffective or destroying the cells. This can be deadly.
agglutination
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Rh+ can recieve which antigen/s?
Rh+ or Rh-
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Rh- can recieve which antigen/s?
ONLY Rh- to avoid antibody formation
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At what platelet count will pts recieve platelets?
<12,000
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What is the only blood product that has to be crossmatched?
RBC's
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Hemophiliacs commonly recieve ______
cryoprecipitate
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Fresh frozen plasma contains_____
cloting factors, and plasma. It is given to pts who need clotting factors and have a high INR
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_____ does not require conscent. It Increases osmotic pressure in the vascular system. Get it from pharmacy.
- Albumin
- without albumin fluids shift to the extracellular space
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______ will not accept whole blood products but will
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Need to have at least a ___g IV catheter, ___g preferred for administering blood products.
20g prefer 18 guage
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Blood transfusion reactions
- Acute hemolytic tranfusion reactions
- frbrile reaction
- allergic reaction -mild
- allergic reaction - anaphylactic
- circulatory overload
- sepsis
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S&S of blood transfusion reactions
- back pain
- chest pain
- chills
- headache
- heat at infusion site and or over vein
- muscle aches/pains
- Other S&S: hypotension, HTN, shock, tachycardia, dyspnea, wheezing, abd cramping, DIC
- rise in temp 1C or 2F
- hives, itching, rash
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If transfusion reaction occurs, nursing interventions.
- Stop transfusion immediately
- connect new IV tubing and keep line open with 0.9% NS
- notify physican
- stay with pt
- monitor vitals
- administer anti-pyretics and antihistamine as directed
- send blood bag with tubing to lab
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Why does the ball need to be floated in the IV chamber?
So RBC's don't fall too far and lyse
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Before administering blood obtain ____.
set of vital signs
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Stay with pt for first __ min of blood infusion obtaining vitals q__ min.
Stay for first 15 min and vitals q5 min
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Acute hemolytic reaction
- Caused by infusion of ABO incompatible whole blood RBCs, or components conaining 10mL or more of RBCs.
- Antibodies in recipeits plasma attach to antigens on transfused RBCs, causing RBC destruction
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Anaphylactic transfusion reaction
- Cause: Infusion of IgA proteins to IgA deficient recipient who has developed IgA antibody.
- S&S: anxiety, uticaria, wheezing, progressing to cyanosis, shock, possible cardia arrest
- Management: stop transfusion, CPR if indicated, epinephrine.
- Prevention: transfuse extensively washed RBC products or use blood from IgA deficient donor.
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Sepsis transfusion reaction
- Cause: transfusion of contaminated blood components
- S&S: rapid onset of chils, high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, marked hypoension and shock
- Management: obtain culture of client's blood, and send bag with remaining bloood to transfusion service for further study. Treat septicemia as directed-abx, IV fluids, vasopressors, steroids
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