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Sensation
A physical process: the stimulation of our sense organs by features of the outer world.
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Perception
- A psychological process: the act of organizing and interpreting sensory experiences.
- Ex. Recognize Language
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Sensory Adaption
process by which our sensitivity diminishes when an object constantly stimulates our senses.
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Transduction
When we know to attend to something; conversion of physical into neural information.
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Psychophysics
- study of how people psychologically perceive physical stimuli.
- Ex: light, sound, touch, taste.
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Absolute Threshold
- lowest intensity level of a stimulus we can detect half of the time.
- Ex: detect one teaspoon of sugar in two gallons of water.
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Signal Detection Theory
the viewpoint that takes into account both stimulus intensity and the decision making processes people use when say whether they detect a stimulus.
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Difference Threshold
also known as Just Noticeable Difference; smallest amount of change between two stimuli that a person can detect.
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Weber's Law
the size of the JND is a constant fraction of the intensity of the stimuli.
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Perceptual Set
- refers to the effect of frame of mind on perception. Our frame of mind which is coded in the brain, can impact how we perceive things.
- Ex. Bruner & Minturn
- depending on seeing a series of letters or number prior the person perceived "13" or "B"
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Cornea
clear hard over that protects the lens; light enters here.
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Pupil
light passes through liquid until it reaches a hole
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Iris
the colored part of the eye & it adjusts the pupil to control the amount of light entering the eye.
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Lens
bends the light into rays
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Accommodation
the process by which the muscles control the shape of the lens to adjust to viewing objects at different distances.
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Retina
- the thin layer of nerve tissue that lines the back of the eye.
- -consists of several layers of cell
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Photoreceptors
convert light energy into neural energy.
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Rods
night vision; works the best at low illumination
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Dark Adaption
the process of adjustment to seeing in the dark.
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Cones
color vision; works the best in bright light.
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Visual Acuity
our ability to see clearly depends on our cones
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Optic Nerve
- carries visual information from the eye to the brain.
- -Ganglion Cells
- -Blind Spot
- -Optic Chiasm
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Blind Spot
point where optic nerve exits the eye.
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Optic Chiasm
point at which strands of the optic nerve from half of each eye cross over to the opposit side of the brain.
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