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Definition of Cytology
The study of cellular structure and function.
What are the two main classes of cells that the body contains?
Sex cells and somatic cells.
Sex cells (also called germ or reproductive cells) are:
Sperm
for males
Oocytes
for females.
Somatic cells include:
All other cells in the human body.
Plasma Membrane
The outer boundary of the cell (also called the cell membrane).
Functions of the
Plasma Membrane
:
Physical Isolation
- acts as a physical barrier
Regulation of exchange with the environment
-
-ions and nutrients enter
-wastes eliminated and cellular products released
Sensitivity to the environment
- first part of the cell affected by changes in the composition, concentration or pH of the extracellular fluid
Structural support
- anchors cells and tissues
Phospholipid Bilayer
Hydrophilic heads
- toward watery environment
Hydrophobic fatty-acid tails
- inside membrane
-Acts as a barrier to ions and water--soluble compounds
Extracellular Fluid
A watery medium that surrounds a cell. The plasma membrane separates cytoplasm from this fluid.
Cytoplasm
Fluid material that is located inside the cell and surrounding the nucleus. Cytoplasm contains many more proteins than extracellular fluid.
Author
rewdog9
ID
198247
Card Set
A & P
Description
The Cellular Level of Organization
Updated
2013-02-08T22:10:33Z
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