Pathology - Chap 3 Respiratory

Pneumonia caused by entrance of foreign particles aspirated into the lower respiratory tract

A glandular tumor, either benign or malignant, situated in the submucosal tissues of large bronchi

 Chronic dilation of the bronchi, with inflammation and destruction of bronchial walls and cilia

Carcinoma of the lung that arises from the epithelium of the bronchial tree

most often arises from long-term, heavy cigarette smoking or prolonged exposure to high levels of industrial air pollution, which irritates the mucous lining of the bronchial tree and increases susceptibility to both bacterial and viral infections

What does the respiratory system do?

Which pleura adheres directly to the lung tissue?

What are the only paranasal sinuses present at birth?

What is most frequently performed exam in the radiology department?

What are the 2 standard projections for chest radiography?

What is the most common complaints of radiologists?

What is mediastinal emphysema?

What is the sail sign?

Where are Hickman catheters placed?

lack of respiratory function or the lack of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange 

denotes low oxygen levels withing the arterial blood and is caused by toxic gas or smoke inhalation, high altitudes, hypoventilation, or impaired diffusion(a physical seperation of gas and blood)

the inability to move air into and out of the lungs, with consequent increased blood carbon dioxide content

is a generalized disorder resulting from a genetic defect transmitted as an autosomal recessive gene that affects the function of exocrine glands. In chromosome 7, affects mainly white children, and the life span is between 20 and 30.

also known as respiratory distress syndrome, affects infants and is a disorder of prematurity or infants born at less than a 37-week gestation

is the most frequent type of lung infection, resulting in an inflammation of the lung (pneumonitis) and comprised pulmonary function

is the most common bacterial pneumonia because this type of bacteria is often present in healthy throats, generally affecting a whole lobe of the lung

occurs sporadically except during epidemics of influenza, when secondary infection with staphylococci is common

a thin-walled, air-containing cyst, characteristic radiographic lesion and is more typically seen in children

is even rarer pneumonia accounting for less than 1% of all hospital admissions for acute bacterial pneumonia

can be caused by various viruses, most commonly influenza A and B. It is more common that bacterial pneumonia but less severe

is a permanent, abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi as a result of destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall

is an infection caused by inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, may also affect genitourinary, skeletal, and central nervous systems

refers to a group of disorders that cause chronic airway obstruction. The most common forms are chronic bronchitis and emphysema

What is the predominant risk factor associated with COPD?

is a condition in which the lung's alveoli become distedned, usually from loss of elasticity or interference with expiration

are occupational diseases in which inhalation of foreign inorganic dust from a particular work environment results in pulmonary fibrosis

the oldes known pneumoconiosis, results from inhaling silica (quartz) dust and is common among miners, grinders, and sandblasters.

or black lung disease, results from inhalation of coal dust over an extended period of about 20 years. As the coal dust is deposited in the lungs, "coal macules" develop around the bronchioles and cause their dilation.

results from the inhalation of asbestos dust, which can cause chronic injury to the lungs. Asbestos dust is found in building materials and insulation. 

a rare malignant neoplasm of the pleura, caused by high exposure to asbestos and develops at least 15 years later.

is a systemic fungal infection caused by a fungus that thrives in soil, especially that fueled by bird or bat excreta

a systemic, fungal infection that is caused by a fungus that thrives in semiarid soil, particularly the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

is a localized area of dead(necrotic) lung tissue surrounded by inflammatory debris

an accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity, usually caused by some primary lung infection

inflammation of the pleura and is often indicative of a serious condition such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, TB, or malignant disease

excess fluid collects in the pleural cavity and is a frequent manifestation of serious thoracic disease, usually pulmonary or cardiac in origin

a pleural effusion containing blood

the second most common radiographic presentation of a neoplasm consists of a solitary radiopaque lung nodule

What are the 5 different routes a malignancy is spread to the lungs?

Is Cystic fibrosis an additive or subtractive pathology? What is the modality of choice for this?

Is Hyaline membrane disease an additive or subtractive pathology? What is the modality of choice for this?

Is pneumonia an additive or subtractive pathology? what is the modality of choice for this?

Is Bronchiectasis an additive or subtractive pathology? What is the modality of choice for this?

Is Tuberculosis an additive or subtractive pathology? What is the modality of choice for this?

Is COPD an additive or subtractive pathology?
What is the modality of choice for this?

Is pneumoconioses an additive or subtractive pathology? What is the modality of choice for this?

Is fungal disease an additive or subtractive pathology? What is the modality of choice for this?

Is lung abscess an additive or subtractive pathology? What is the
modality of choice for this?

Is pleurisy an additive or subtractive pathology? What is the modality of choice for this?

Is pleural effusion an additive or subtractive pathology? What is the modality of choice for this?

Is Bronchial Adenoma an additive or subtractive pathology? What is the modality of choice for this? 

Is Bronchogenic carcinoma an additive or subtractive pathology? What is the modality of choice for this?

Is Metastatic lung disease an additive or subtractive pathology? What is the modality of choice for this?

What is located in the anterior mediastinum?

What is located in the middle mediastinum?

What is located in the posterior mediastinum?

What is an endotracheal tube?

What is a chest tube? 

Where is a port-a-cath placed?

What is surfactant?