Antibiotics part 1

bacteriostatic by inhibiting bacterial synthesis of folic acid

• gram-positive and gram-negative
• UTI- Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus
• Pneumocystic jirovecci pneumonia
• Upper respiratory tract infections

• allergies to sulfonamides and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib
• pregnant women and infants younger than 2 mo. 

• Blood- hemolytic and aplastic anema, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia
• Allergic- delayed cutaneous reactions
• Integumentary- photosensitivty, Exfoliative dermatitis, Steven-Johnson syndrome, epidermal necrolysis
• GI- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pancreatitits
• Other- convulsions, crystalluria, toxic nephrosis, headache, peripheral neuritis, urticaria 

• Potentiate hypoglycemic effects in diabetes
• toxic effects of phenytoin and anticoagulant effects of warfarin
• may decrease efficacy of oral contraceptives

Bactericidal by inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Gram-positive bacteria, streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp.

Drug allergies

• allergic reactions- urticarial, pruritus, angioedema
• common- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain

• many drug interactions, some positive and some negative
• ~NSAIDs, Oral contraceptives, Warfarin, Others

bactericidal by interfering with bacterial wall synthesis 

• depends on which generation
• covers gram-negative to gram-positive

allergy to Penicillin

mild diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, pruritus, redness, edema

Bactericidal by inhibiting cell wall synthesis

infection of complicated body cavity and connective tissue infection

drug-induced seizures

Bactericidal by preventing cell wall synthesize 

• aerobic gram-negative bacteria 
• ~E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp.
• moderately sever systemic infections and UTI

Bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis by reversible binding to 50s ribosomal subunit 

Strep infections, mild to moderate URI and LRI, Spirochtal infection, Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma 

known drug allergies

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatotoxicity, flatulence, jaundice, anorexia 

high protein bound and metabolized by the liver

gram-positive bacteria, including multi-drug-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae

associated with severe liver disease

bacteriostatic that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30s ribosome subunit

gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, protozoa, mycoplasma, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, syphilis, Lyme disease, acne

drug allergy

• discoloration of permanent teeth and tooth enamel hypoplasia in fetuses, children, and infants
• possible retard fetal skeletal development
• photosensitivity
• alteration in intestinal flora
• vaginal candidiasis, gastric upset, enterocolitis, maculopapular rash

antacids, antidiarrheal drugs, diary products, calcium, enteral feedings, iron preparations