Describe The Hormones

• Anterior Pituitary
• Target Organ: Ovaries, Testes.
• Male: Sperm Production
• Female: Estrogen Secretion and growth of ovarian follicle.

• Anterior Pituitary 
• Target: Ovaries, Testes
• Female: Ovlulation, maintenance of corpus luteum
• Male: Testosterone secretion

• Anterior Pituitary
• Target Organ: Thyroid Gland
• Growth of thyroid, secretion of thyroid hormone

• Anterior Pituitary
• Adrenal cortex
• Growth of adrenal cortex, secretion of glucocorticoids

• Anterior Pituitary
• Mammary glands, testes
• Female: milk synthesis
• Male: increased LH sensitivity

• Anterior Pituitary
• Liver, bone, cartilage, muscle, fat
• Widespread tissue growth, especially in the stated tissues

• Posterior Pituitary
• Kidneys
• Water retention

• Posterior Pituitary
• Uterus, mammary glands
• Labor contractions, milk release; possibly involved in ejaculation, sperm transport, sexual affection, and mother–infant bonding

• Pineal gland
• Brain
• Uncertain; may influence mood and sexual maturation

• Thymus
• Immune cells (T lymphocytes)
• Stimulate T lymphocyte development and activity

• Thyroid gland
• Most tissues
• Elevate metabolic rate and heat production; increase respiratory rate, heart rate, and strength of heartbeat; stimulate appetite and accelerate breakdown of nutrients; promote alertness and quicken reflexes; stimulate growth hormone secretion and growth of skin, hair, nails, teeth, and fetal nervous system

• Thyroid gland
• Bone
• Stimulates bone deposition, mainly in children

• Parathyroid glands
• Bone, kidneys, small intestine
• Raises blood Ca2+ level by stimulating bone resorption and inhibiting deposition, reducing urinary Ca2+ excretion, and enhancing calcitriol synthesis

• Adrenal medulla
• Most tissues
• Promote alertness; mobilize organic fuels; raise metabolic rate; stimulate circulation and respiration; increase blood glucose level; inhibit insulin secretion and glucose uptake by insulin-dependent organs (sparing glucose for brain)

• Adrenal cortex
• Kidney
• Promotes Na+ and water retention and K+ excretion; maintains blood pressure and volume

• Adrenal cortex
• Most tissues
• Stimulate fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, stress resistance, and tissue repair

• Adrenal cortex
• Bone, muscle, integument, brain, many other tissues
• Precursor of testosterone; indirectly promotes growth of bones, pubic and axillary hair, apocrine glands, and fetal male reproductive tract; stimulates libido

• Pancreatic islets
• Primarily liver
• Stimulates amino acid absorption, gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fat breakdown; raises blood glucose and fatty acid levels

• Pancreatic islets
• Most tissues
• Stimulates glucose and amino acid uptake; lowers blood glucose level; promotes glycogen, fat, and protein synthesis

• Pancreatic islets
• Stomach, intestines, pancreatic islet cells
• Modulates digestion, nutrient absorption, and glucagon and insulin secretion

• Pancreatic islets
• Pancreas, gallbladder
• Inhibits release of bile and digestive enzymes

• Pancreatic islets
• Stomach
• Stimulates acid secretion and gastric motility

• Ovaries
• Many tissues

Stimulates female reproductive development and adolescent growth; regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy; prepares mammary glands for lactation

• Ovaries
• Uterus, mammary glands
• Regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy; prepares mammary glands for lactation

• Ovaries,Testes
• Anterior pituitary
• Inhibits FSH secretion

• Testes
• Many tissues
• Stimulates fetal and adolescent reproductive development, musculoskeletal growth, sperm production, and libido

• Skin
• -
• Precursor of calcitriol (see kidneys)

• Liver
• Precursor of calcitriol (see kidneys)

• Liver
• Precursor of angiotensin II (see kidneys)

• Liver
• Red bone marrow
• Promotes red blood cell production, increases oxygen-carrying capacity of blood

• Liver
• Small intestine, liver
• Promotes iron absorption and mobilization

• Liver
• Many tissues
• Prolongs and mediates action of growth hormone

• Kidneys
• Precursor of angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor

• Kidneys
• Small intestine
• Increases blood calcium level mainly by promoting intestinal absorption of Ca2+

• Heart
• Kidney
• Lower blood volume and pressure by promoting Na+ and water loss

• Stomach and small intestine
• Gallbladder, brain
• Bile release; appetite suppression

• Stomach and small intestine
• Stomach
• Stimulates acid secretion

• Stomach and small intestine
• Brain
• Stimulates hunger, initiates feeding

• Stomach and small intestine
• Brain
• Produces sense of satiety, terminates feeding

• Adipose tissue
• Brain
• Limits appetite over long term

• Osseous tissue
• Pancreas, adipose tissue
• Stimulates pancreatic beta cells to multiply, increases insulin secretion, enhances insulin sensitivity of various tissues, and reduces fat deposition

• Placenta
• Many tissues of mother and fetus
• Stimulate fetal development and maternal bodily adaptations to pregnancy; prepare mammary glands for lactation