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The study of small living organisms that we must use a microscope to see.
Microbiology
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An organism that obtains its energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds
Chemolithotroph
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A particular strain or kind of organism growing in a laboratory medium
Culture
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The modification of a cell in terms of structure and/or function occurring during the course of development
Differentiation
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Use of selective culture media and incubation conditions to isolate specific microorganisms from natural samples
Enrichment culture technique
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A catalyst, usually composed of protein, that promotes specific reactions or groups of reactions
Enzyme
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Descent with modification; DNA sequence variation and the inheritance of the variation
Evolution
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The total complement of genetic information of a cell or a virus
Genome
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In microbiology, an increase in cell number
Growth
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bacteria that are photosynthetic and use glucose
Heterocyst
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A set of criteria for proving that a given microorganism cause a given disease
Koch's postulates
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All biochemical reactions in a cell, both anabolic and catabolic
Metabolism
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A microscopic organism consisting of a single cell or cell clusters, also including the viruses, which are not cellular
Microorganism
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The property of movement of a cell under its own power
Motility
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A tumor-like structure produced by the roots of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microbial component of the symbiosis
Nodule
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A disease-causing microorganism
Pathogen
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A culture containing a single kind of microorganism
Pure Culture
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The hypothesis that living organisms can originate from nonliving matter
Spontaneous Generation
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Free of all living organisms and viruses
Sterile
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A taxonomic group related species
Genus
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Defined in microbiology as a collection of strains that all share the same major properties and differ in one or more significant properties from other collections of strains; defined phylogentically as a monophyletic, exclusive group based on DNA sequences.
Species
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How old is the earth?
4.6 bya
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How long ago was the origin of cellular life?
4 bya
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How long ago were anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria formed?
3.7 bya
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How long ago was the origin of cyanobacteria?
3 bya
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How long ago did Earth become oxygenated?
2.5 bya
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How long ago were modern eukaryotes formed?
2 bya
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How long ago was algal diversity formed?
1.5 bya
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In the last how many years shelly invertebrates, vascular plants, mammals, and humans were formed?
1 bya
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Where are most of the microorganisms found in the environment?
Marine surfaces
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What was the leading cause of death in 1900's?
Pneumonia and Flu
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What is the leading cause of death today?
Heart disease and cancer
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Who is responsible for the discovery of microorganisms?
Robert Hooke
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Who is responsible for the discovery of bacteria and the invention of the hand held microscope?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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Who is responsible for the discovery of endospores?
Ferdinand Cohn
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Structures in bacteria that are important in their survival.
Endospores
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Who is responsible fore the mechanism of fermentation, the defeat of spontaneous generation, and the disproving of spontaneous generation?
Louis Pasteur
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Who conducted the experiment to disprove spontaneous generation that involved an experiment in which he compared the growth of microorganisms in one flask containing sterile broth that was exposed to the air and one containing sterile broth that was not exposed to the air? The conclusion was microorganisms grew only in the flask exposed to the air, thereby refuting the idea that cells can arise spontaneously from nonliving matter.
Louis Pasteur
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Who is responsible for the discovery of agents of tuberculosis and cholera, and proving that diseases are caused by microorganisms?
Robert Koch
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Who is responsible for the enrichment culture technique and the discovery of many metabolic groups of bacteria?
Martinus Beijerinck
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Who is responsible for methods for preventing infectious disease during surgery?
Joseph Lister
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Who is responsible for the discovery of phagocytosis?
Eli Metchnikoff
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Who is responsible for the discovery of the polio vaccine?
Karl Landsteiner
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Who was the first person to stain bacteria with dyes?
Paul Ehrilich
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Who is responsible for the discovery of the strain of pneumonia that is deadly (the R-strain)?
Frederick Griffith
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Who is responsible for the discovery of penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
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Who is responsible for the discovery of mobile genetic elements?
Barbara McClintock
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Who are the people responsible for the discovery of the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
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Who is responsible for the discovery of gene regulation by repressor proteins, operon concept?
Francois Jacob
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Who is responsible for the discovery Thermus aquaticus which was thriving at 70 degrees Celcius? This was major because it led to the discovery of the polymerase chain reaction.
Thomas Brock
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Who is responsible for the discovery of structure and sequencing of proteins, DNA sequencing?
Fred Sanger
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Who is responsible for the discovery and characterization of prions?
Stanley Prusiner
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Who is responsible for the discovery of the HIV as a cause to AIDS?
Luc Montanier
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