Cardiovascular System

  1. What is the pericardium?
    Double serous membrane around the heart.
  2. What is visceral pericardium?
    Layer of pericardium directly next to the heart.
  3. What is parietal pericardium?
    Outside layer of paricardium.
  4. What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?
    • Epicardium - Outside
    • Myocardium - Middle
    • Endocardium - Inner
  5. What are the receiving chambers of the heart?
    The Atria.
  6. What are the discharging chambers of the heart?
    The Ventricles
  7. What are the 4 heart valves?
    • Bicuspid \
    • Tricuspid / Atrioventricular
    • Pulmanary Semilunar \
    • Aortic Semilunar / Semilunar valves
  8. What do the chordae tendinae (heart strings) do?
    Hold valves in place.
  9. What does the flow of blood from the Aorta do?
    Leaves left ventricle.
  10. What does the flow of blood from the pulmonary arteries do?
    Leave right ventricle
  11. What does the flow of blood from the Vena Cava do?
    Enters right atrium.
  12. What does the flow of blood from the pulmonary veins do?
    Enter left atrium.
  13. What makes up the hearts nourishing circulartory system?
    • Coronary arteries
    • Cardiac viens
  14. How does blood enter the right atrium?
    The coronary sinus.
  15. What is the Intrinsic Conduction System? (how the heart beats)
    Nodal System, heart muscles contract without nerve impulses in a regular continuous way.
  16. What is the Sinoatrial Node?
    The hearts natural pace maker.
  17. What are purkinje fibers?
    Fibers the cause the ventricles to contract.
  18. How do the atria contract?
    Simultaneously
  19. When do the ventricles contract?
    After the atria relax.
  20. What is systole?
    Contraction
  21. What is diastole?
    Relaxation
  22. What is the cardiac cycle?
    Events that complete one heart beat.
  23. What happens during mid-late diastole?
    blood flows into ventricles
  24. What happens during Ventricular Systole?
    Blood is pushed out of ventricle by increased blood pressure.
  25. What happens during early diastole?
    Atria finish refilling, low pressure in the ventricles.
  26. What is cardiac output?
    Amount of blood pumped by each side of heart in 1 minute.
  27. What is stroke volume?
    Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction.
  28. CO=
    Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
  29. What is starlings law of the heart?
    The more the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction
  30. What is the most common way to change Cardiac Output?
    Change heart rate.
  31. What causes increased heart rate?
    • Low blood pressure (Sympathetic nervous system)
    • Hormones (Epinephrine, Thyroxine)
    • Exercise
    • Decreased blood volume.
  32. What causes decreased heart rate?
    • Decreased Venous return
    • parasympathetic nervous system
    • High Blood pressure/volume
  33. What are the 5 types of blood vessels?
    • Arteries
    • Arterioles
    • Capillaries
    • Venules
    • Veins
  34. What are the 3 layers or tunics of a blood vessel?
    • Tunic Intima - Endothelium
    • Tunic Media - Smooth muscle
    • Tunic Externa - Fibrous connective tissue
  35. How is arterial blood moved?
    By the pumping of the heart.
  36. How is venous blood moved?
    The "milking" action of muscles.
  37. What is a vascular shunt?
    directly connects an arteriole to a venule.
  38. What is the pulse?
    Pressure wave of blood.
  39. What does systolic mean?
    Pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction.
  40. What does Diastolic mean?
    Pressure when ventricles relax.
  41. What effects blood pressure?
    • Temperature
    • Chemicals
    • Diet
  42. What effect does heat have on blood pressure?
    Vasodilation
  43. What effect does cold have on blood pressure?
    Vasoconstricition
  44. What is normal human blood pressure?
    • 140 - 110mm Systolic
    • 80 - 75mm Diastolic
  45. What is hypotension?
    Low systolic pressure
  46. What is hypertension?
    High systolic pressure.
  47. What kind of heart develops in the embryo?
    A tube heart that pumps by the 4th week.
  48. When does the fetal "tube heart" become a 4 chambered organ?
    7 weeks
Author
kelleeeh
ID
19803
Card Set
Cardiovascular System
Description
Cardiovascular System
Updated