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Beliefs about our unique personal traits, abilities, preferences, tastes, talents, and so forth is called what?
What is the individual self?
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Beliefs about our identities in specific relationships is what?
What is the Relational self?
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Beliefs about our identities as members of social groups to which we belong is what?
Collective self is what?
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What is an example of diversification?
When siblings take on different roles in the family to minimize conflicts they are doing what?
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Why might birth order may influence personality traits?
Older siblings may want to support the status quo and younger siblings are more rebellious and open to new experiences, what influences these traits?
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What are reflected self-appraisals?
What are beliefs about what others think of our social selves?
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Situationism and the self
Aspects of the self may change depending on the situation
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Distinctiveness is characterized by what kind of thinking?
When we highlight certain aspects of the self that makes us feel unique in a given context.
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What is an example of distinctiveness?
When we feel that age is more important to self-definition if we are surrounded by much older people
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Working self-concept is:
A subset of self-knowledge that is brought to mind in a particular context
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Relational self-beliefs are:
beliefs about our identities in specific RELATIONSHIPS
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An example of relational self-beliefs
Who you are a son/daughter feels different than who you are as a husband/wife.
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Collective self-beliefs are:
Beliefs about our identity as member of important social categories
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An example of Collective self-beliefs
Identity based on citizenship, ethnicity, gender, profession, and so on.
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How does social context change our self-belief?
Sense of self may shift dramatically depending on with whom we are interacting
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Give an example of social context effecting self-belief
You many feel different about the self when interacting with authority figures than when interacting with subordinates
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Describe the Independent view of self:
Self seen as a distinct, autonomous entity, separate from others and defined by individual traits and preferences
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Describe the interdependent view of the self
Self seen as connected to others, defined by social duties and shared traits and preferences
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Where is the independent view of self more prominent?
North American and Western European cultures have predominantly what kind of view of self?
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Where are interdependent views of self more prominent?
In Asian, Mediterranean, Latin American, and African cultures which view of self is more prominent?
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Across cultures men tend to have a more prominent of what kind of view of self?
Independent views of self are more prominent in what gender?
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How do men show a more independent view of self?
Men are less likely to refer to relationships when describing self and are more attuned to their internal responses than to social cues.
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How do women show a more interdependent view of self?
Women are more likely to refer to relationships when describing self, and are more attuned to external social cues
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Give an example of an evolutionary contribution to men's view of self
Independent views of self may advantage males in acts like physical competition and hunting
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Give an example of an evolutionary contribution to women's view of self
Interdependent views of self may advantage females in acts related to maintaining social bonds and care giving
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What is social comparison theory
The hypothesis that we evaluate ourselves through comparison to others is called what?
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What is a self-schema
knowledge about the self and conclusions about our behaviors and preferences and about how we are viewed by others.
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