-
naturally occuring ester
LA & vasoconstrictor
SE - euphoria, abuse potential, cardiotoxic
uses - topical anesthesia (ophthalmic)
cocaine
-
short acting, low hydrophobicity
uses - infiltration anesthesia in dental work
ester
procaine
-
ester
long actin, highly potent
high hydrophobicity
slow metabolized - gradual release from tissues into bloodstream
uses - spinal & topical anesthesia
tetracaine
-
amide
rapid onset, medium duration, moderate potency
uses - infiltration
peripheral erve block
epidural
spinal & topical anesthesia
lidocaine
-
amide
rapid onset, medium duration, moderate potency
uses - infiltration
peripheral nerve block
epidural
spinal and topical anesthesia
vasoconstrictor
prilocaine
-
amide
highly potent
highly hydrophobic
more effects on nociception than locomotor
uses - spinal, epidural, peripheral block
used in labor & for post-operative anesthesia
highly cardiotoxic
bupivacaine
-
amide
less cardiotoxic effects
levobupivacaine - ropivacaine
-
order of axon fibers being affected and the result
- A-delta - pain & temp (stinging)
- C - second pain & temp (dull)
- A-gamma - muscle tone
- A-beta - proprioception
- A-alpha - motor
-
4 ester local anesthetics
- cocaine
- procaine
- chloroprocaine
- benzocaine
-
7 amide local anesthetics
- lidocaine
- mepivacaine
- bupivacaine
- etidocaine
- prilocaine
- ropivacaine
- articaine
-
what 3 things could delay onset of a lipophilic drug
- vasodilating property
- sequestration if adipose tissue
- myelin sheaths
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