-
Cellular respiration
- –oxygen
- in and carbon dioxide waste out
•Converts food energy into ATP (small convenient energy source)
-
ATP
- Stands for Adenosine triphosphate
- This is an energy source. If energy is needed this is needed.
-
The 4 steps to cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Pyruvate processing
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
-
GLYCOLYSIS
- •Takes place in the cytosol
- Does not require oxygen
- •Glucose broken down into pyruvate
- Produces NADH and 2 ATP per glucose
-
NADH
- An electron carrier for later steps
- a high energy molecule used by cells to generate ATP
-
Anaerobic
Does not require oxygen
-
pyruvate
the end product of glycolysis
-
GLYCOLYSIS REGULATION
An example of feedback inhibition in which too much ATP is created so ATP plugs into other site and shuts down glycolysis, stopping atp production.
-
Pyruvate Processing
- Occurs in Mitochondrial Matrix.
- •Pyruvate converted to acetyl-CoA
- Produces
- NADH (electron carrier) and CO2 (waste product
-
–oxygenin and carbon dioxide waste out•Converts food energy into ATP (small convenient energy source)
Cellular Respiration
-
Stands for Adenosine triphosphateThis is an energy source. If energy is needed this is needed.
ATP
-
Glycolysis Pyruvate processingKrebs cycleElectron transport chain and chemiosmosis
The four steps to cellular respiration
-
•Takes place in the cytosol. Does not require oxygen
•Glucose broken down into pyruvate
Produces NADH and 2 ATP per glucose
Glycolysis
-
An electron carrier for later stepsa high energy molecule used by cells to generate ATP
NADH
-
Does not require oxygen
Anaerobic
-
The end product of glycolysis
Pyruvate
-
An example of feedback inhibition in which too much atp is created so atp plugs into other site and shuts down glycolysis stopping ATP production
Glycolysis Regulation
-
Occurs in Mitochondrial Matrix
Pyruvate converted to acetyl-coA
Produces NADH and CO2
Pyruvate Processing
-
Krebs Cycle
- •Occurs in mitochondrial
- matrix
•Acetyl-CoA enters cycle
•Produces NADH, FADH2, ATP, and CO2
-
•Occurs in mitochondrial
matrix
•Acetyl-CoA enters cycle
•Produces NADH, FADH2, ATP, and CO2
2
ATP per glucose
Krebs Cycle
-
Electron Transport CHAIN
- •Occurs in the mitochondrial
- inner membrane
•NADH and FADH2 release electrons
- •Protons (H+) pumped into the intermembrane
- space
- •Oxygen accepts electrons and protons to
- form water
-
•Occurs in the mitochondrial
inner membrane
•NADH and FADH2 release electrons
•Protons (H+) pumped into the intermembrane
space
–forms
gradient
•Oxygen accepts electrons and protons to
form water
–so
step is aerobic
Electron Transport Chain
-
CHEMIOSMOSIS
- •Protons diffuse across membrane
- through ATP
- Synthase (membrane protein complex)
•Provides energy to produce ATP
•About 26 ATP per glucose
-
•Protons diffuse across membrane
through ATP
Synthase (membrane protein complex)
•Provides energy to produce ATP
•About 26 ATP per glucose
Chemiosmosis
-
About how many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule?
30
-
What happens if no oxygen is available?
Fermentation
-
Fermentation
- •Occurs under anaerobic
- conditions
•Regenerates NAD+ to repeat glycolysis
- •Inefficient – only 2 ATP per
- glucose
•Produces by-products
-
•Occurs under anaerobic
conditions
•Regenerates NAD+ to repeat glycolysis
•Inefficient – only 2 ATP per
glucose
•Produces by-products
Fermentation
-
ALCOHOL FERMENTATION
•Occurs in yeast
- •Produces NAD+ and
- ethanol
-
•Occurs in yeast
•Produces NAD+ and
ethanol
Alcohol Fermentation
-
LACTIC
ACID FERMENTATION
•Occurs in humans
- •Produces NAD+
- and lactate
-
•Occurs in humans
•Produces NAD+
and lactate
Lactic acid fermentation
-
Are there alternatives to glucose?
- Yes
- •Proteins, fats, and other
- carbohydrates can all be used for cellular respiration
-
Important source of energy (sugar)
Glucose
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