Final Exam- Endocrine System

Protein hormones include:

A) Hormones of the Pituitary gland
B) E and NE
C) Angiotensin
D) A & B
E) All of the above

All protein hormones work through

A) First Messengers
B) Chylomicrons
C) Second messengers
D) None of these

In general, second messengers work through

A) D-cAMP
B) Adenosine triphosphate
C) Open calcium channels
D) Cyclic AMP

Which is in the right order?

a)Protein hormone binds to the receptor, receptor activates
D-cAMP, amount of cAMP decreases, G protein becomes activated
b)Protein hormone binds to the receptor, amount of cAMP
decreases, receptor activates D-cAMP, G protein becomes activated
c)G protein becomes activated, receptor activates D-cAMP,
amount of cAMP decreases, protein hormone binds to the receptor
d)G protein becomes activated, amount of cAMP decreases,
receptor activates D-cAMP, protein hormone binds to the receptor

What happens after activation of G-proteins?

A) Opening of ion channels
B) Changes in membrane potential
C) None of these
D) Activation of stuff that’s already in the cell
E) Activation of enzymes
F) All of these

_______ are quick and short lived.

A) Steroid hormones
B) First messengers
C) All of these
D) Protein hormones

Steroid hormones include

A) Cortical steroids
B) E & NE
C) Progesterone/Testosterone
D) Aldosterone/Calcitrol
E) A & C
F) All of the above

Steroid hormones
A) work with gene activation
B) move through the plasma membrane
C) all of these
D) B & C only
E) bind to the DNA (inside the cell) and turns on the gene

_____ initiate protein synthesis of new proteins. Takes longer to act but the effects last longer.
A) Releasing hormones
B) Steroid hormones
C) Protein hormones
D) Catecholamines

Hormones from the ________ are dumped into the portal system and act on the anterior pituitary.
A) Thalamus
B) Adrenal cortex
C) Hypothalamus
D) Pineal gland

Thyroid hormones contain _______
A) Fat soluble vitamins
B) Full valance electron shells
C) Phosphate
D) Iodine

Which hormone is produced by the suprarenal medulla?
A) all of these
B) aldosterone
C) glucocorticoids
D) E & NE

Cyclic-AMP functions as a second messenger to
A) build proteins and catalyze speficic reaction
B) activate adenylate cyclase
C) bind the hormone-receptor complex to DNA segments
D) open ion channels and activate key enzymes in the cytoplasm

ACTH stimulates the release of
A) gonadotropins by the suprarenal glands
B) growth hormones by the hypothalamus
C) steriod hormones by the suprarenal glands
D) thyroid hormones by the hypothalamus

Growth is affected by:
A) Calcitrol
B) all of these
C) Reproductive hormones
D) A & E
E) PTH

Effects of thyroid hormones
A) increase the rate of energy consumption
B) all of these
C) accelerates ATP production
D) increases the production of sodium/potassium ATPase

Calcitonin _____ the amount of Ca ions in the body, Parathyroid hormone _______ the amount of Ca ions in the body.
A) increases, increases
B) increases, decreases
C) decreases, decreases
D) decreases, increases

Which one is NOT a function of Natriuretic peptides?
A) suppresses thirst
B) promotes loss of Na/H2O at the kidneys
C) inhibits ADH, Aldosterone and Angiotensin II
D) increases the excretion of proteins

_______ raises blood glucose and ________ lowers blood glucose.
A) None of these
B) Insulin, Calcitonin
C) Insulin, glucagon
D) Glucagon, insulin