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Any substance introduced into the body that produces harmful effect?
Poison
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defined as the presence of signs and symptoms associated with exposure/contact with substance
poisoning
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Most ingested poisons produce signs and symptoms in less then?
4 hours
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efforts to decontaminate stomach have little value after?
1 hour
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What percent of poisons have antidotes?
less than 5%
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What is treatment for ingested poisons?
Gastric lavage or emetics followed by absorbants and cathartics
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treatment for inhaled poisons?
Oxygen Ventilation
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Treatment for absorbed poisons?
Cleansing of the skin
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Treatment for Injected Poisons?
Antidotal Meds
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Most common route/exposure to toxic material in home?
Ingestion
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2 catagories of substance that act locally on skin, eyes or mucous membranes through direct contact?
Acids (corrosives) and bases (caustics)
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preferred method for empting stomach contents?
giiving an emetic
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Treatment for non-corrosives?
Drink 1-2 glasses of milk/water then empty stomach
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emetic that acts locally by irritating gastric mucosa and centrally?
Ipecac Syrup
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used to speed movement of bound substance and minimize absorption?
Cathartic (magnesium solfate or Sorbitol)
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Poison that causes burning/corrosion to mouth, lips, throat, stomach?
Corrosives (acids and alkalies)
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does most damage in acidic stomach environment?
Acids
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Primarily destroys tissue in the mouth, throat and esophagus?
Alkalies
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High pitched sound coming from airway when corrosive is aspirated into lungs?
Stridor
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Never try what when treating acid or base ingested poison?
Administer neutralizing agent by mouth
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Do not do what to corrosive poisonings?
Induce vomiting
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For poisonings with petroleum distillates with a DOC or PCC cannot be reached give?
30-60 ml of Vegetable oil
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For petroleum distillates never?
Induce vomiting
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Bacterial and Viral food poisoning appear within how long?
8 hrs
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most common route of exposure to toxic substances?
Inhalation
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most common agent of gas poisoning an leaves lips an skin cherry red? (oderless/tasteless)
Carbon monoxide
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most common cause of metal fume fever is inhalation of?
vaporized zinc found in galvanized covoring of iron/steel
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stingers from bees and wasps should be removed by?
dull knife
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black widow is identified by?
hourglass on its belly
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Spider has violin marking on back and leaves necrosis an black scab on bite?
brown recluse
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how do you identify crotalids?
Pit-vipers, flat triangular heads with slit like pupils
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Elapids are what?
Coral snakes, Cobra, Krait, and mamba snakes
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how do you remember what a coral snake looks like?
Red on Yellow kill a fellow
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max time for constricting band is?
2 hours, every half hour take off for 15 min
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What is the treatment for serious jelly fish stings
pour vinegar (2 liters) over sting for at least 30 seconds
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Where are sea snakes found?
warm waters of the indian and pacific ocean
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what is significant about sea snakes
very poisonous but short fangs (1/4 in)
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What is the most common method of heroin?
injecting directly into vein
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most widely abused drug today?
alcohol
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directly affects central nervous system by increasing mental alertness and combating drowsiness/fatigue
Stimulants (uppers)
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Cocaine, although classified as narcatic, is what type of drug?
Stimulant
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What is the name of marijuana
Cannabis sativa
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materials with potential of harming people/environment?
Hazardous material
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people involved with HAZMAT be familiar with what publication?
Emergency Response Guidebook
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Hazard materials comprised of?
4 colors
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HAZMAT yellow indicates
the reactivity
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HAZMAT red indicates
flammability
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HAZMAT white indicates?
Special Hazards
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HAZMAT blue indicates
health hazards
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designed to prevent clean support zone from being contaminated?
contaminated reduction zone - warm area
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process of removing/neutralizing contaminants?
Decontamination
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most frequently appropriate method of decontamination
Dilution
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